Öz
It is almost a century that Palmer (1937) first suggested about the significance of frequency in vocabulary acquisition. Since then on, countless discussions conducted over the issue from the points supporting and falsifying the claim. But what made all these studies similar to one another was the study context. All the studies aimed to reveal the frequency effect had preferred to study in reading classes; furthermore, they had divided the frequency only into two as high and low. However, could frequency not be regarded more than high and low? Then, Nation (2006) introduced a new term ‘mid-frequency’, which is a term studied few. All told so far was the hub where the present study stemmed from. This study aimed to reveal the possibility of lexical acquisition through frequency effect in a context where the focus is not vocabulary, but grammar. The second associative purpose was to investigate if there is mid-frequency effect or not. The vocabularies of the book that students studied through two terms were analysed, and categorized as high-, mid-, and low-frequency. Then each frequency vocabularies were asked to the participants. As last, which frequency type got the highest correct reply was detected, and each frequency was compared to one another through ANOVA analysis to see if there was any significant difference among high-, mid-, low-frequency vocabularies. The findings showed both parallelism and divisions to the studies in the literature.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Balota, D., & Chumbley, J. (2001). Are Lexical Decisions a Good Measure of Lexical Access? The Role of Word Frequency in the Neglected Decision Stage. Applied Psycholinguistics , 217-234.
- Bowen, C. (2013). Retrieved 05 15, 2013, from speech-language-therapy: http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=95:highfrequency&catid=11:admin&Itemid=121
- Brysbaert, M., Buchmeier, M., Conrad, M., Jacobs, A. M., Bölte, J., & Böhl, A. (2011). The word frequency effect: a review of recent developments and implications for the choice of frequency estimates in German. Experimental Psychology , 412-424.
- Cattell, J. (1886). The time it takes to see and name. Mind , 63-65.
- Cho, K.-S., & Krashen, S. (1994). Acquisition of vocabulary from the Sweet Valley Kids Series: Adult ESL acquisition. Journal of Reading , 662–667.
- Day, R., Omura, C., & Hiramatsu, M. (1991). Incidental EFL vocabulary learning and reading. Reading in a Foreign Language , 541-551.
- Elley, W. (1989). Vocabulary acquisition from listening to stories read aloud. Reading Research Quarterly , 174-187.
- Ellis, N. (1997). Vocabulary acquisition:Word Structure, Collocation, Grammar and Meaning. In N. Schmitt, & M. McCarthy, Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy (pp. 122-139). Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
- Fry, E., Kress, J., & fountoukidis, D. (2004). The Reading Teacher's Book of Lists. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Goodman, J., Dale, P., & Ping, L. (2008). Does frequency count? Parental input and the acquisition of vocabulary. Journal of Child Language , 515-531.
- Grainger, J. (1990). Word frequency and neighnorhood frequency effects in lexical decision and naming. Journal of memory and language , 228-244.
- Groot, P. (2000). Computer Assisted Second Languag Vocabulary Acquisition. Language Learning and Technology , 60-81.
- Horst, M., Cobb, T., & Meara, P. (2005). Beyond a Clockwork Orange: Acquiring second language vocabulary through reading. Reading in a Foreign Language , 61, 355–382.
- Hulme, C., Stuart, G., Brown, G., & Morind, C. (2003). High- and low-frequency words are recalled equally well in alternating lists: Evidence for associative effects in serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language , 500-518.
- Jameel, A. (2011). Intentional vs. Incidental Vocabulary Learning. Interdiciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business , 67-75.
- Joe, A., Nation, I., & Newton, J. (1996). Vocabulary learning and speaking activities. English Teaching Forum , 2-7.
Öz
It is almost a century that Palmer (1937) first suggested about the significance of frequency in vocabulary acquisition. Since then on, countless discussions conducted over the issue from the points supporting and falsifying the claim. But what made all these studies similar to one another was the study context. All the studies aimed to reveal the frequency effect had preferred to study in reading classes; furthermore, they had divided the frequency only into two as high and low. However, could frequency not be regarded more than high and low? Then, Nation (2006) introduced a new term ‘mid-frequency’, which is a term studied few. All told so far was the hub where the present study stemmed from. This study aimed to reveal the possibility of lexical acquisition through frequency effect in a context where the focus is not vocabulary, but grammar. The second associative purpose was to investigate if there is mid-frequency effect or not. The vocabularies of the book that students studied through two terms were analysed, and categorized as high-, mid-, and low-frequency. Then each frequency vocabularies were asked to the participants. As last, which frequency type got the highest correct reply was detected, and each frequency was compared to one another through ANOVA analysis to see if there was any significant difference among high-, mid-, low-frequency vocabularies. The findings showed both parallelism and divisions to the studies in the literature.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Balota, D., & Chumbley, J. (2001). Are Lexical Decisions a Good Measure of Lexical Access? The Role of Word Frequency in the Neglected Decision Stage. Applied Psycholinguistics , 217-234.
- Bowen, C. (2013). Retrieved 05 15, 2013, from speech-language-therapy: http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=95:highfrequency&catid=11:admin&Itemid=121
- Brysbaert, M., Buchmeier, M., Conrad, M., Jacobs, A. M., Bölte, J., & Böhl, A. (2011). The word frequency effect: a review of recent developments and implications for the choice of frequency estimates in German. Experimental Psychology , 412-424.
- Cattell, J. (1886). The time it takes to see and name. Mind , 63-65.
- Cho, K.-S., & Krashen, S. (1994). Acquisition of vocabulary from the Sweet Valley Kids Series: Adult ESL acquisition. Journal of Reading , 662–667.
- Day, R., Omura, C., & Hiramatsu, M. (1991). Incidental EFL vocabulary learning and reading. Reading in a Foreign Language , 541-551.
- Elley, W. (1989). Vocabulary acquisition from listening to stories read aloud. Reading Research Quarterly , 174-187.
- Ellis, N. (1997). Vocabulary acquisition:Word Structure, Collocation, Grammar and Meaning. In N. Schmitt, & M. McCarthy, Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy (pp. 122-139). Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
- Fry, E., Kress, J., & fountoukidis, D. (2004). The Reading Teacher's Book of Lists. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Goodman, J., Dale, P., & Ping, L. (2008). Does frequency count? Parental input and the acquisition of vocabulary. Journal of Child Language , 515-531.
- Grainger, J. (1990). Word frequency and neighnorhood frequency effects in lexical decision and naming. Journal of memory and language , 228-244.
- Groot, P. (2000). Computer Assisted Second Languag Vocabulary Acquisition. Language Learning and Technology , 60-81.
- Horst, M., Cobb, T., & Meara, P. (2005). Beyond a Clockwork Orange: Acquiring second language vocabulary through reading. Reading in a Foreign Language , 61, 355–382.
- Hulme, C., Stuart, G., Brown, G., & Morind, C. (2003). High- and low-frequency words are recalled equally well in alternating lists: Evidence for associative effects in serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language , 500-518.
- Jameel, A. (2011). Intentional vs. Incidental Vocabulary Learning. Interdiciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business , 67-75.
- Joe, A., Nation, I., & Newton, J. (1996). Vocabulary learning and speaking activities. English Teaching Forum , 2-7.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Uygulamalı Dilbilim ve Eğitim Dilbilimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |
