Araştırma Makalesi
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Writing Tasks: Purposes and Variety of Genres in Yeni İstanbul Coursebooks

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 124 - 138, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.29228/ijlet.51174

Öz

Literacy as an emergent concept of study is a field of educational sciences studies and the skill of writing is an integral part of both the definition of literacy and studies of literacy. While many different approaches of research and various research designs serve the purposes of helping learners develop their writing skills and teachers better their writing courses, the present study applies a coursebook analysis methodology since coursebooks are key materials of teaching. For this research, four coursebooks (A1- B2) of teaching Turkish to foreigners coursebook series, Yeni Istanbul, have been analysed. The analysis aims to identify writing tasks included in coursebooks and analyze to what extent these tasks serve language functions suggested by Halliday (1973) and genre variety of activities as purposes and text components of a specific genre are the main attributes of successful writing. To this end, the study uses a 4-step research procedure including identification of writing tasks, exclusion of writing tasks which are below textual level, and specification of purposes and genres of each writing activity. Results of the research show that the coursebooks are mostly designed for learners to practise informative and personal functions of language; thus, it could be proposed to distribute writing tasks for each purpose in a more balanced way. Moreover, genre variety of writing activities in the coursebooks is low, and the coursebooks do not apply a genre-based approach to writing.

Kaynakça

  • Aydoğan, H. & Aytekin, K. (2019). Yabanci dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde set halinde kullanilan İstanbul metot kitaplarinda okuma metinleri ve metin alti sorulari üzerine bir değerlendirme. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 12 (67), 5-11.
  • Banegas, D. L. (2018). Evaluating language and content in coursebooks. In M. Azarnoosh, M. Zeraatpishe, A. Faravani & H. R. Kargozari (Eds.). Issues in coursebook evaluation. (p. p. 21-31). Leiden: Brill Sense.
  • Barton, D. (1994). The social impact of literacy. In L. Verhoven. (Ed.), Functional literacy- theoretical issues and educational implications. (p.p. 185-197). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Barton, D. & Hamilton, M. (2000). Literacy practices. In D. Barton, M. Hamilton & R. Ivanic (Eds.), Situated literacies- in reading and writing context. (p.p. 7-15). London: Routledge.
  • Berkenkotter, C., & Huckin, T. (1995). Genre knowledge in disciplinary communication: cognition/ culture/ power. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Bolognesi, M., Pilgram, R., & van den Heerik, R. (2017). Reliability in content analysis: The case of semantic feature norms classification. Behaviour Research Methods, 49(6), 1984–2001. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0838-6
  • Bölükbaş, F. & Özdemir, E. (2009). Aktif öğrenmenin yazili anlatim becerilerine etkisi. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2), 27-43.
  • Bölükbaş, F. (2011). Arap öğrencilerin türkçe yazili anlatim becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 6 (3), 1357-1367.
  • Can, T., Frazier, S., McManus, C. & Rey, A. (2020). Glocalisation in action: ‘Less is More’ English coursebook series. Training, Language and Culture, 4 (2), 56-66.
  • Cook, G. (1989). Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Council of Europe. (2020), Common European framework of reference for languages: learning, teaching, assessment – companion volume, Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing your coursebook. Oxford: Macmillan Education- Heinemann.
  • Çekici, Y. E. (2018). Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde kullanılan Yedi İklim ve İstanbul ders kitaplarında yazma görevleri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (1), 1 – 10.
  • Elbow, P. (1998). Writing with power- techniques for mastering the writing process (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Elliott, M. (1986). Nasr’s development as a writer in his second language: The first six months. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 120–153.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Flowerdew, J. (1993). An educational, or process, approach to the teaching of professional genres. ELT Journal, 47 (4), 305-316.
  • Grabe, W. & Kaplan, R. B. (1996). Theory and practice of writing. London: Routledge.
  • Graham, S. (2019). Changing how writing is taught. Review of Research in Education, 43 (1), 277-303.
  • Grant, N. (1987). Making the most of your coursebook. New York, NY and London: Longman.
  • Güven, A. Z. & Banaz, E. (2020). Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi kitaplarının çoklu zekâ kuramı açısından incelenmesi (İstanbul Yabancılar İçin Türkçe b1-b2 kitap seti örneği). International Journal of Language Education and Teaching, 8 (2), 44-52.
  • Halliday, M. A. K. (1973). Explorations in the functions of language. London: Edward Arnold.
  • Halliday, M. A. K. (2001). Literacy and linguistics: relationships between spoken and written language. In A. Burns& C. Coffin. (Eds.), Analysing English in a global context- a reader. (p.p. 181-193). London: Routledge.
  • Halliday, M. A. K. (2003). Functional basis of language. In J. Webster (Ed.). On language and linguistics. (p.p. 298-322). London and New York, NY: Continuum.
  • Hasırcı, S. (2019). Yabancılara Türkçe öğretimine yönelik ders kitaplarının konuşma becerisi açısından karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 8 (2), 1068-1098.
  • Heath, S. B. (1992). Literacy skills or literate skills? considerations for ESL/ EFL learners. In D. Nunan. (Ed.), Collaborative language learning and teaching. (p.p. 40-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Holme, R. (2004). Literacy: an introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Ivanić, R. (1998). Writing and identity: The discoursal construction of identity in academic writing. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Kargozari, H. R., Peyvandi, G. & Faravani, A. (2018). E-textbook evaluation criteria revisited. In M. Azarnoosh, M. Zeraatpishe, A. Faravani & H. R. Kargozari (Eds.). Issues in coursebook evaluation. (p. p. 111-121). Leiden: Brill Sense.
  • Kırık- Yavuz, M. (2015). Interaction level of speaking activities in a coursebook series of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24 (2), 133-145.
  • Kucer, S. B. (2005). Dimensions of literacy- a conceptual base for teaching reading and writing in school settings- second edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Kucer, S. B. & Silva, C. (2006). Teaching the dimensions of literacy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Martin, J. R. (1985). Process and text: two aspects of human semiosis. In J. D. Benson and W. S. Greaves (Eds.) Systemic perspectives on discourse, vol. 1: selected theoretical papers from the 9th international systemic workshop. (248-274). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
  • McCarthey, S. J., Garcia, G. E. (2005), English language learners’ writing practices and attitudes. Written Communication, 22 (1), 36-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088304271830
  • McCarthey, S. J., Guo, Y. H. & Cummins, S. (2005), Understanding changes in elementary Mandarin students’ L1 and L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 14 (2), 71-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2005.05.003
  • Nation, I. S. P. (2009). Teaching ESL/ EFL reading and writing. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Olson, D. R. (1994). Literacy and the making of the Western World. In L. Verhoven. (Ed.), Functional literacy- theoretical issues and educational implications. (p.p. 135-150). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Özbal, B. & Genç, A. (2019). Yabanci dil olarak Türkçe ders kitaplarinda aliştirma yönergelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31, 123-146.
  • Polio, C. (2001). Research methodology in second language writing research: the case of text-based studies. In T. Silva& P. K. Matsuda, (Eds.). On second language writing. (p.p. 91-116). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Savova, L. (2018). Conversation analysis criteria for evaluating the authenticity of ESL textbook conversations. In M. Azarnoosh, M. Zeraatpishe, A. Faravani & H. R. Kargozari (Eds.). Issues in coursebook evaluation. (p. p. 85-95). Leiden: Brill Sense.
  • Şeref, İ. (2013). Yabanci dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde yazma ve konuşma becerileri kazandirmada iletişimsel yaklaşimin kullanimi için model önerisi. International Journal of Language Education and Teaching, 1 (1), 43-60.
  • Swales, J. (1990 /2008). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tomlinson, B. (Ed.). (2017). SLA research and materials development for language learning, New York, NY and London: Routledge.
  • Tiryaki, E. N. & Kayatürk, N. (2017). Yabancilara Türkçe öğretimi kitaplarindaki dinleme metinlerinin örtülü anlam açısından değerlendirilmesi (İstanbul b1-b2 seviyesi ders kitabi). Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14 (39), 300-319.
  • Tribble, C. (1996). Writing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Uyar, Y., Çepik, Ş., Doğan, A., Özmen, D. & Aydoğan, H. (2014). A coursebook evaluation research. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (9), 688-696.

Yazma Görevleri: Yeni İstanbul Ders Kitaplarında Amaçlar ve Tür Çeşitliliği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 124 - 138, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.29228/ijlet.51174

Öz

Yeni ortaya çıkan bir araştırma kavramı olarak okuryazarlık eğitim bilimleri çalışmalarının bir alanıdır ve yazma becerisi hem okuryazarlık tanımının hem de okuryazarlık çalışmalarının ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Birçok farklı araştırma yaklaşımı ve çeşitli araştırma desenleri öğrencilere yazma becerilerini geliştirmek öğretmenlere de yazma derslerini iyileştirmek için yardım etme amaçlarına hizmet ederken, bu çalışma ders kitabı analizi yöntemini kullanmaktadır çünkü ders kitapları öğretimin temel araçlarındandır. Çalışma kapsamında, bir yabancılara Türkçe öğretim serisi olan Yeni İstanbul serisinin 4 kitabı (A1-B2) incelenmiştir. Bu analiz, ders kitaplarındaki yazma görevlerini tespit etmeyi ve Halliday’in işlevleri (1973) ve tür çeşitliliği ile etkinlikleri değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir çünkü amaçlar ve belirli türlerin metinsel bileşenleri başarılı yazmanın temel özelliklerindendir. Bu amaçla, çalışma yazma görevlerinin tespitini, metinsel düzeyin altında kalan yazma görevlerinin ayıklanmasını ve her bir yazma etkinliği için amaçların ve türlerin belirlenmesini içeren 4 adımdan oluşan bir araştırma yolu kullanmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları bu ders kitaplarının öğrencilerin çoğunlukla bilgilendirici ve kişisel dil işlevlerini uygulamaları için düzenlendiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, her bir amaç için yazma görevlerinin daha dengeli bir şekilde dağıtılması önerilebilir. Ayrıca, ders kitaplarındaki tür çeşitliliği düşüktür ve bu ders kitapları yazmaya tür odaklı yaklaşmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aydoğan, H. & Aytekin, K. (2019). Yabanci dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde set halinde kullanilan İstanbul metot kitaplarinda okuma metinleri ve metin alti sorulari üzerine bir değerlendirme. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 12 (67), 5-11.
  • Banegas, D. L. (2018). Evaluating language and content in coursebooks. In M. Azarnoosh, M. Zeraatpishe, A. Faravani & H. R. Kargozari (Eds.). Issues in coursebook evaluation. (p. p. 21-31). Leiden: Brill Sense.
  • Barton, D. (1994). The social impact of literacy. In L. Verhoven. (Ed.), Functional literacy- theoretical issues and educational implications. (p.p. 185-197). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Barton, D. & Hamilton, M. (2000). Literacy practices. In D. Barton, M. Hamilton & R. Ivanic (Eds.), Situated literacies- in reading and writing context. (p.p. 7-15). London: Routledge.
  • Berkenkotter, C., & Huckin, T. (1995). Genre knowledge in disciplinary communication: cognition/ culture/ power. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Bolognesi, M., Pilgram, R., & van den Heerik, R. (2017). Reliability in content analysis: The case of semantic feature norms classification. Behaviour Research Methods, 49(6), 1984–2001. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0838-6
  • Bölükbaş, F. & Özdemir, E. (2009). Aktif öğrenmenin yazili anlatim becerilerine etkisi. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2), 27-43.
  • Bölükbaş, F. (2011). Arap öğrencilerin türkçe yazili anlatim becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 6 (3), 1357-1367.
  • Can, T., Frazier, S., McManus, C. & Rey, A. (2020). Glocalisation in action: ‘Less is More’ English coursebook series. Training, Language and Culture, 4 (2), 56-66.
  • Cook, G. (1989). Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Council of Europe. (2020), Common European framework of reference for languages: learning, teaching, assessment – companion volume, Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  • Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing your coursebook. Oxford: Macmillan Education- Heinemann.
  • Çekici, Y. E. (2018). Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde kullanılan Yedi İklim ve İstanbul ders kitaplarında yazma görevleri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (1), 1 – 10.
  • Elbow, P. (1998). Writing with power- techniques for mastering the writing process (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Elliott, M. (1986). Nasr’s development as a writer in his second language: The first six months. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 120–153.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Flowerdew, J. (1993). An educational, or process, approach to the teaching of professional genres. ELT Journal, 47 (4), 305-316.
  • Grabe, W. & Kaplan, R. B. (1996). Theory and practice of writing. London: Routledge.
  • Graham, S. (2019). Changing how writing is taught. Review of Research in Education, 43 (1), 277-303.
  • Grant, N. (1987). Making the most of your coursebook. New York, NY and London: Longman.
  • Güven, A. Z. & Banaz, E. (2020). Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi kitaplarının çoklu zekâ kuramı açısından incelenmesi (İstanbul Yabancılar İçin Türkçe b1-b2 kitap seti örneği). International Journal of Language Education and Teaching, 8 (2), 44-52.
  • Halliday, M. A. K. (1973). Explorations in the functions of language. London: Edward Arnold.
  • Halliday, M. A. K. (2001). Literacy and linguistics: relationships between spoken and written language. In A. Burns& C. Coffin. (Eds.), Analysing English in a global context- a reader. (p.p. 181-193). London: Routledge.
  • Halliday, M. A. K. (2003). Functional basis of language. In J. Webster (Ed.). On language and linguistics. (p.p. 298-322). London and New York, NY: Continuum.
  • Hasırcı, S. (2019). Yabancılara Türkçe öğretimine yönelik ders kitaplarının konuşma becerisi açısından karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 8 (2), 1068-1098.
  • Heath, S. B. (1992). Literacy skills or literate skills? considerations for ESL/ EFL learners. In D. Nunan. (Ed.), Collaborative language learning and teaching. (p.p. 40-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Holme, R. (2004). Literacy: an introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Ivanić, R. (1998). Writing and identity: The discoursal construction of identity in academic writing. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Kargozari, H. R., Peyvandi, G. & Faravani, A. (2018). E-textbook evaluation criteria revisited. In M. Azarnoosh, M. Zeraatpishe, A. Faravani & H. R. Kargozari (Eds.). Issues in coursebook evaluation. (p. p. 111-121). Leiden: Brill Sense.
  • Kırık- Yavuz, M. (2015). Interaction level of speaking activities in a coursebook series of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24 (2), 133-145.
  • Kucer, S. B. (2005). Dimensions of literacy- a conceptual base for teaching reading and writing in school settings- second edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Kucer, S. B. & Silva, C. (2006). Teaching the dimensions of literacy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Martin, J. R. (1985). Process and text: two aspects of human semiosis. In J. D. Benson and W. S. Greaves (Eds.) Systemic perspectives on discourse, vol. 1: selected theoretical papers from the 9th international systemic workshop. (248-274). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
  • McCarthey, S. J., Garcia, G. E. (2005), English language learners’ writing practices and attitudes. Written Communication, 22 (1), 36-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088304271830
  • McCarthey, S. J., Guo, Y. H. & Cummins, S. (2005), Understanding changes in elementary Mandarin students’ L1 and L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 14 (2), 71-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2005.05.003
  • Nation, I. S. P. (2009). Teaching ESL/ EFL reading and writing. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Olson, D. R. (1994). Literacy and the making of the Western World. In L. Verhoven. (Ed.), Functional literacy- theoretical issues and educational implications. (p.p. 135-150). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Özbal, B. & Genç, A. (2019). Yabanci dil olarak Türkçe ders kitaplarinda aliştirma yönergelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31, 123-146.
  • Polio, C. (2001). Research methodology in second language writing research: the case of text-based studies. In T. Silva& P. K. Matsuda, (Eds.). On second language writing. (p.p. 91-116). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Savova, L. (2018). Conversation analysis criteria for evaluating the authenticity of ESL textbook conversations. In M. Azarnoosh, M. Zeraatpishe, A. Faravani & H. R. Kargozari (Eds.). Issues in coursebook evaluation. (p. p. 85-95). Leiden: Brill Sense.
  • Şeref, İ. (2013). Yabanci dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde yazma ve konuşma becerileri kazandirmada iletişimsel yaklaşimin kullanimi için model önerisi. International Journal of Language Education and Teaching, 1 (1), 43-60.
  • Swales, J. (1990 /2008). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tomlinson, B. (Ed.). (2017). SLA research and materials development for language learning, New York, NY and London: Routledge.
  • Tiryaki, E. N. & Kayatürk, N. (2017). Yabancilara Türkçe öğretimi kitaplarindaki dinleme metinlerinin örtülü anlam açısından değerlendirilmesi (İstanbul b1-b2 seviyesi ders kitabi). Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14 (39), 300-319.
  • Tribble, C. (1996). Writing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Uyar, Y., Çepik, Ş., Doğan, A., Özmen, D. & Aydoğan, H. (2014). A coursebook evaluation research. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (9), 688-696.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Türkçe Eğitimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gülay Kıray 0000-0003-2045-8636

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kıray, G. (2021). Writing Tasks: Purposes and Variety of Genres in Yeni İstanbul Coursebooks. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 9(2), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.29228/ijlet.51174