STRATEJİK LİDERLİĞİN İŞ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİNDE DUYGUSAL ZEKÂNIN ARACI VE DÜZENLEYİCİ ROLÜ: TÜRKİYE EĞİTİM SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 19, 68 - 80, 16.12.2025
Vakkas Arslan
Öz
Bu çalışma, Türkiye eğitim sektöründe stratejik liderlik ile iş performansı arasındaki ilişkide duygusal zekânın (DZ) aracı ve düzenleyici rollerini incelemektedir. Sosyal değişim teorisi ile kaynakların korunması teorisine dayanan araştırma, duygusal zekânın liderlik etkilerinin hem aktarım mekanizması hem de koşullu güçlendiricisi olarak eşzamanlı biçimde işlev gördüğü düzenlenmiş aracılık modelini önermektedir. Veriler, Türkiye’nin yedi coğrafi bölgesinde görev yapan 320 öğretmen ve okul yöneticisinden toplanmıştır. Analizler SPSS 26, PROCESS Macro v4.2 ve AMOS 26 kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Elde edilen bulgular, duygusal zekânın stratejik liderlik ile iş performansı arasındaki ilişkide güçlü ve anlamlı bir kısmi aracı etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir (dolaylı etki β = .600, p < .001) ve bu etkinin toplam etkinin %70,3’ünü açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, duygusal zekâ bu ilişkiyi anlamlı biçimde düzenlemekte; duygusal zekâ düzeyi arttıkça stratejik liderliğin iş performansı üzerindeki olumlu etkisi belirgin şekilde güçlenmektedir (etkileşim etkisi β = .187, p = .004). Düzenlenmiş aracılık indeksi de anlamlı bulunmuş olup, stratejik liderliğin performans üzerindeki dolaylı etkisinin duygusal zekâ düzeylerine göre sistematik biçimde değiştiğini doğrulamaktadır. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi sonuçları, mükemmel düzeyde model uyumuna işaret etmekte (CFI = .998; RMSEA = .019) ve iş performansındaki varyansın %73,4’ünü açıklamaktadır.
Aracılık ve düzenleme mekanizmalarını tek bir model içerisinde ampirik olarak bütünleştiren bu çalışma, duygusal zekâyı stratejik liderlik etkilerini hem aktaran hem de koşullayan merkezi bir psikolojik kaynak olarak konumlandırarak liderlik kuramına önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bulgular, özellikle eğitim sektörü gibi yoğun duygusal emek gerektiren örgütsel bağlamlarda liderlik geliştirme ve performans yönetimi uygulamaları açısından önemli çıkarımlar ortaya koymaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Bu araştırma, Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkeleri ve sosyal bilimlerde geçerli araştırma etiği kuralları doğrultusunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan tüm katılımcılara çalışmanın amacı, kapsamı ve gönüllülük esasına dayandığı açıkça bildirilmiş; katılımcılardan bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır. Katılımcıların kimlik bilgileri gizli tutulmuş ve elde edilen veriler yalnızca bilimsel amaçlarla kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma kapsamında herhangi bir müdahale, deneysel işlem veya katılımcılara yönelik fiziksel ya da psikolojik risk oluşturabilecek uygulama gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Veriler, anonim ve öz-bildirim esasına dayalı anketler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır.
Çalışmanın yürütülmesi sürecinde çıkar çatışmasına yol açabilecek herhangi bir mali veya kişisel ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Araştırma, herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan finansal destek almadan gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
milli eğitim bakanlığı
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesine katkı sağlayan tüm katılımcılara içtenlikle teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca, veri toplama sürecinde destek sağlayan eğitim kurumlarına ve araştırma sürecine dolaylı katkıda bulunan meslektaşlarımıza teşekkür ederiz. Çalışmanın bilimsel niteliğinin geliştirilmesine katkı sunan anonim hakemlere ve editöre değerli geri bildirimleri için teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
Alrowwad, A., Abualoush, S. H., & Masa’deh, R. (2024). Strategic leadership and organizational performance: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2023-0487
-
Andrews, R., & Boyne, G. A. (2010). Capacity, leadership, and organizational performance: Public versus private sector organizations. Public Administration Review, 70(4), 587–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02178.x
-
Aykaç, M., & Güngör, Ö. (2023). Duygusal zekânın aracılık rolü: Türkiye’de okul müdürleri örneği. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 53(1), 45–68.
-
Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23(5), 611–626. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611
-
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.
-
Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18, 13–25.
-
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
-
Boal, K. B., & Hooijberg, R. (2001). Strategic leadership research: Moving on. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 515–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00057-6
-
Campbell, J. P. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 687–732). Consulting Psychologists Press.
-
Carpenter, N. C., Whitman, D. S., & Amrhein, R. (2014). A meta-analysis of task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 912–929. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036413
-
Chen, J., & Guo, W. (2020). Emotional intelligence and school performance: Evidence from China. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(4), 678–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143219870162
-
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
-
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
-
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573
-
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
-
Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. Bantam Books.
-
Grobler, B. (2014). Leadership and learning: Developing strategic thinking in schools. Pearson.
-
Grobler, B., & Conley, L. (2022). Strategic leadership in South African schools. South African Journal of Education, 42(1), 1–12.
-
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
-
Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. Cambridge University Press.
-
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
-
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.
-
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
-
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
-
Ireland, R. D., & Hitt, M. A. (1999). Achieving and maintaining strategic competitiveness in the 21st century. Academy of Management Executive, 13(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1999.1567317
-
Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 54–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017286
-
Jordan, P. J., & Lawrence, S. A. (2023). Emotional intelligence and performance: A meta-analytic update. Human Performance, 36(2), 87–105.
-
Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2018). A meta-analysis of emotional intelligence and work attitudes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(4), 784–812. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12220
-
O’Boyle, E. H., Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawver, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788–818. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.714
-
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
-
Wang, G., Holmes, R. M., Oh, I. S., & Zhu, W. (2019). Do CEOs matter to firm strategic actions and firm performance? A meta-analytic investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 62(2), 463–492. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0133
-
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1–74.
-
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305
-
Wong, C. S., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
-
Zhang, Y., Waldman, D. A., Han, Y. L., & Li, X. B. (2023). Emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness: A conditional process perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 34(1), 101674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101674
The Mediating and Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Impact of Strategic Leadership on Job Performance: A Research in the Turkish Education Sector
Yıl 2026,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 19, 68 - 80, 16.12.2025
Vakkas Arslan
Öz
This study examines the mediating and moderating roles of emotional intelligence (EI) in the relationship between strategic leadership and job performance within the Turkish education sector. Drawing on social exchange theory and conservation of resources theory, the study proposes a moderated mediation model in which EI functions simultaneously as a transmission mechanism and a conditional amplifier of leadership effects. Data were collected from 320 teachers and school administrators across seven geographical regions of Türkiye. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 26, PROCESS Macro v4.2, and AMOS 26.
The results indicate that emotional intelligence exerts a strong and significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between strategic leadership and job performance (indirect effect β = .600, p < .001), accounting for 70.3% of the total effect. Moreover, EI significantly moderates this relationship, such that the positive impact of strategic leadership on job performance becomes substantially stronger at higher levels of emotional intelligence (interaction effect β = .187, p = .004). The moderated mediation index is also significant, confirming that the indirect effect of strategic leadership on performance varies systematically across levels of EI. Structural equation modeling demonstrates excellent model fit (CFI = .998; RMSEA = .019) and explains 73.4% of the variance in job performance.
By empirically integrating mediation and moderation mechanisms within a single model, this study advances leadership theory by positioning emotional intelligence as a central psychological resource that both transmits and conditions strategic leadership effects. The findings offer important implications for leadership development and performance management in emotionally demanding organizational contexts, particularly within the education sector.
Etik Beyan
This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical standards applicable to social science research. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity, and all data were used solely for academic and scientific purposes.
The study involved no experimental manipulation or procedures that could pose physical or psychological risk to participants. Data were collected through anonymous, self-report questionnaires.
Teşekkür
The authors would like to thank all teachers and school administrators who voluntarily participated in this study. We also appreciate the support of the educational institutions that facilitated the data collection process. Finally, we are grateful to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and valuable feedback, which helped improve the quality of this manuscript.
Kaynakça
-
Alrowwad, A., Abualoush, S. H., & Masa’deh, R. (2024). Strategic leadership and organizational performance: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2023-0487
-
Andrews, R., & Boyne, G. A. (2010). Capacity, leadership, and organizational performance: Public versus private sector organizations. Public Administration Review, 70(4), 587–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02178.x
-
Aykaç, M., & Güngör, Ö. (2023). Duygusal zekânın aracılık rolü: Türkiye’de okul müdürleri örneği. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 53(1), 45–68.
-
Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23(5), 611–626. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611
-
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.
-
Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18, 13–25.
-
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
-
Boal, K. B., & Hooijberg, R. (2001). Strategic leadership research: Moving on. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 515–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00057-6
-
Campbell, J. P. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 687–732). Consulting Psychologists Press.
-
Carpenter, N. C., Whitman, D. S., & Amrhein, R. (2014). A meta-analysis of task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 912–929. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036413
-
Chen, J., & Guo, W. (2020). Emotional intelligence and school performance: Evidence from China. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(4), 678–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143219870162
-
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
-
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
-
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573
-
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
-
Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. Bantam Books.
-
Grobler, B. (2014). Leadership and learning: Developing strategic thinking in schools. Pearson.
-
Grobler, B., & Conley, L. (2022). Strategic leadership in South African schools. South African Journal of Education, 42(1), 1–12.
-
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
-
Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. Cambridge University Press.
-
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
-
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.
-
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
-
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
-
Ireland, R. D., & Hitt, M. A. (1999). Achieving and maintaining strategic competitiveness in the 21st century. Academy of Management Executive, 13(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1999.1567317
-
Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 54–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017286
-
Jordan, P. J., & Lawrence, S. A. (2023). Emotional intelligence and performance: A meta-analytic update. Human Performance, 36(2), 87–105.
-
Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2018). A meta-analysis of emotional intelligence and work attitudes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(4), 784–812. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12220
-
O’Boyle, E. H., Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawver, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788–818. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.714
-
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
-
Wang, G., Holmes, R. M., Oh, I. S., & Zhu, W. (2019). Do CEOs matter to firm strategic actions and firm performance? A meta-analytic investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 62(2), 463–492. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0133
-
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1–74.
-
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305
-
Wong, C. S., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
-
Zhang, Y., Waldman, D. A., Han, Y. L., & Li, X. B. (2023). Emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness: A conditional process perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 34(1), 101674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101674