YENİLİKÇİ TEKNOLOJİ OLARAK HİZMET İÇİN YAZILIM (SaaS): SaaS KULLANMAYANLARIN ZORLUKLARINI VE ENGELLERİNİ ARAŞTIRMAK

Öz

Hizmet için yazılım (SaaS), işletme uygulamalarında maliyet azaltma ve üretkenlik gibi benzeri görülmemiş büyük faydalar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, SaaS kullanmayı düşünmeyen, SaaS kullanımını değerlendirme aşamasında olan, değerlendiren ama benimsemeyen ve değerlendirip SaaS kullanımını planlayan işletmelerin davranışsal niyetlerini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Veriler, SaaS’ı kullanmayan 76 işletmeden 18 soru sorularak toplandı ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ile analiz edildi. Gruplar arasındaki farkları gözlemlemek için post hoc analizi olarak Fisher’in LSD testi kullanıldı. Bulgular, SaaS kullanmayı düşünmeyenler ile değerlendirip SaaS kullanımını planlayanların ve SaaS kullanımını değerlendirme aşamasında olanlar ile değerlendirip SaaS kullanımını planlayanların göreceli avantajlar ve güvenlik konusunda düşüncelerinin önemli ölçüde farklı olduğunu gösterdi. Diğer yandan, tüm SaaS kullanmayanların karar verici desteği ile farklı Pazar bölgelerinde konumlanan SaaS kullanmayanların tutumlarının benzer ölçüde aynı olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırma, işletmelerin devamlılığını sağlamak ve iş operasyonlarının karşılaştığı zorluklar ve engeller için uygun kişiselleştirilmiş yazılım ve uygulamalar üretmek konusunda SaaS sağlayıcılarının bilgilendirilmesine katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SaaS’ın adaptasyonu
• Tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA)
• Post hoc analizi
• Fisher’in LSD testi.

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS) ADOPTION AS A DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY: UNDERSTANDING THE CHALLENGES AND THE OBSTACLES OF NON-SAAS ADOPTERS

Öz

Software for a service (SaaS) brings unprecedented benefits to business applications such as cost reduction and productivity. This study aims to understand the behavioral intentions of businesses that are not considering using SaaS, are in the process of evaluating the use of SaaS, are evaluating but not adopting, and planning to evaluate and use SaaS. Data were collected by asking 18 questions from 76 businesses not adopting SaaS and analyzed with One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Fisher's LSD test was used as a post hoc analysis to observe the differences between the groups. The findings showed that those who do not plan to use SaaS and those who evaluate and plan to use SaaS, and those who are in the process of evaluating the use of SaaS and those who plan to use SaaS, differed significantly in their opinions about the perceived advantages and security concerns. On the other hand, it is seen that the decision makers’ support of all non-SaaS adopters and the attitudes of non-SaaS adopters located in different market regions were similar. The research will contribute to informing SaaS providers to ensure business continuity and to produce customized software and applications suitable for the challenges and barriers faced by business operations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : SaaS adoption
• One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
• Post hoc analysis
• Fisher’s LSD test
• SaaS’ın adaptasyonu
• Tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA)
• Post hoc analizi
• Fisher’in LSD testi.

Kaynakça

1. Akinrolabu, O., New, S. & Martin, A. (2019). CSCCRA: A novel quantitative risk assessment model for SaaS cloud service providers. Computers, 8(3), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers8030066
2. Ali, O., Soar, J. & Yong, J. (2016). An investigation of the challenges and issues influencing the adoption of cloud computing in Australian regional municipal governments. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 27(C), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2015.11.006
3. Alotaibi, M. (2016). Antecedents of software-as-a-service (SaaS) adoption: A structural equation model. International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, 6(25), 114-129. https://doi.org/10.19101/ IJACR.2016.626019
4. Alves, P. (2021). DevSquad: 65 Saas Statistics and Trends for 2022. Available online: https://devsquad. com/blog/saas-statistics/ (accessed December 2021).
5. Ayoobkhan, A. L. M. & Asirvatham, D. (2019). A study on the adoption of software as a service (SaaS) in online business SMEs in Sri Lanka. Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 2(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJRCOS/2018/45904
6. Benlian, A., Hess, T. & Buxmann, P. (2009). Drivers of SaaS-adoption–an empirical study of different application types. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 1(5), 357-369. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12599-009-0068-x
7. Benlian, A., Koufaris, M. & Hess, T. (2011). Service quality in software-as-a-service: Developing the SaaS-Qual measure and examining its role in usage continuance. Journal of Management Information Systems, 28(3), 85-126. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222280303
8. BetterCloud, (2020) State of SaaSOps: The Impact and Implications of the SaaS Revolution. (2020). Available online: https://resources.bettercloud.com/reports/2020-state-of-saasops-the-impactand-implications-of-the-saas-revolution (accessed December 2022).

9. Bradford, M. (2015). Modern ERP: Select, implement & use today’s advanced business systems. Publisher Morrisville, NC : Lulu [3rd ed.]. ISBN: 978-1312665989, 284.
10. Doshi, H. (2020) CISA- Certified information systems auditor study guide. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing, ISBN: 9781838989583, 590.
11. Faasen, J., Seymour, L. F. & Schuler, J. (2013). SaaS ERP adoption intent: Explaining the South African SME perspective. 6th Conference on Research and Practical Issues in Enterprise Information Systems (CONFENIS), Sep 2012, Ghent, Belgium, 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642- 36611-6_3
12. Ferrari, A., Rossignoli, C. & Mola, L. (2012). Organizational factors as determinants of SaaS adoption. In Book: Information systems: crossroads for organization, management, accounting and engineering, ISBN: 978-3790827880, Physica, Heidelberg, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-7908-2789-7_8
13. Gashami, J. P. G., Chang, Y., Rho, J. J. & Park, M. C. (2016). Privacy concerns and benefits in SaaS adoption by individual users: A trade-off approach. Information Development, 32(4), 837-852. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666915571428
14. George, D. & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
15. Hadi, H. J., Omar, M. A., Osman, W. R. S. & Hussaini, M. (2020). Factors affecting the intention to adopt software-as-a-service in public organization from expert’s perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 98(10), 1751-1764.
16. Hadi, H. J., Omar, M. A. & Osman W. R. S. (2021). Investigating the determinants of CC-SaaS adoption in Iraqi’s public organisations from the perspective of IT professionals. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research 14(2):130-143.
17. Hair J. F., Jr., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. [Editorial]. Long Range Planning: International Journal of Strategic Management, 46(1-2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. lrp.2013.01.001
18. Hidayanto, A. Karnida, Y. Y. & Moerita, G. (2012). Analysis of Software as a Service (SaaS) for software service offering alternative: A case study of e-office on-demand service of PT Telkom Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 12, 294-318. https;//doi.org/10.1504/ IJIL.2012.048811
19. Industry Research, 2022 Software as a Service (SaaS) Market Size [2022] | is Estimated to Extent USD 234900 Million, with 15.9% CAGR | Global Industry Share, Growth Rate, Demand, Business Challenges, Opportunities, Trends, Key Players, Revenue and Forecast 2028. Available online: https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/06/2549163/0/en/Software-as-aService-SaaS-Market-Size-2022-is-Estimated-to-Extent-USD-234900-Million-with-15-9- CAGR-Global-Industry-Share-Growth-Rate-Demand-Business-Challenges-Opportunities-Tren. html (accessed December 2022).
20. Johansson, B. & Ruivo, P. (2013). Exploring factors for adopting ERP as SaaS. In: Proceedings of the CENTERIS 2013-Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems, Procedia Technology, 9(Special Issue), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.010
21. Kruja, A. D., Hysa, X., Duman, T. & Tafaj, A. (2019). Adoption of Software as a Service (Saas) in small and medium-sized hotels in Tirana. Enlightening Tourism A Pathmaking Journal, 9(2), 137-167. https://doi.org/10.33776/et.v9i2.3625
22. Kung, L., Cegielski, C. G. & Kung, H. J. (2015). An integrated environmental perspective on software as a service adoption in manufacturing and retail firms. Journal of Information Technology, 30(4), 352-363. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.14
23. Kuyucu, A. D. H. (2011). The playground of cloud computing in Turkey. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 459-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.077
24. Landis, J. R. & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174.
25. Lechesa M., Seymour L. & Schuler J. (2012) ERP Software as Service (SaaS): Factors affecting adoption in South Africa. In: Møller C., Chaudhry S. (eds) Re-conceptualizing Enterprise Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 105, 152-167. Online ISBN: 978-3- 642-28827-2, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28827-2_11 Lynn, T.G., Liang, X., Gourinovitch, A., Morrison, J. P., Fox, G. & Rosati, P. (2018). Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption for high performance computing. Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawai. 3894-3903. https://doi. org/10.24251/HICSS.2018.489
26. Mangula, I. S., van de Weerd, I. & Brinkkemper, S. (2015). Why do companies adopt or reject SaaS? Looking at the organizational aspect. Conference: Pacific Asia Conference on Information System (PACIS) 2015-Singapore, Proceedings, 33.
27. Motta, G., Sfondrini, N. & Sacco, D. (2012). Cloud computing: A business and economical perspective. In IEEE-2012 International Joint Conference on Service Sciences, 18-22. Müller, S. D., Holm, S. R. & Søndergaard, J. (2015). Benefits of cloud computing: Literature review in a maturity model perspective. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.03742
28. Palos-Sanchez, P. R., Arenas-Marquez, F. J. & Aguayo-Camacho, M. (2017). Cloud computing (SaaS) adoption as a strategic technology: Results of an empirical study. Mobile Information Systems, 2017, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2536040
29. Pathan, Z. H., Jianqiu, Z., Akram, U., Latif, Z., Khan, M. K. & Tunio, M. Z. (2017). Essential factors in cloud-computing adoption by SMEs. Human Systems Management, 36(4), 261–275. https://doi. org/10.3233/HSM-17133
30. Rai, R., Sahoo, G. & Mehfuz, S. (2015). Exploring the factors influencing the cloud computing adoption: A systematic study on cloud migration. SpringerPlus, 4, 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015- 0962-2
31. Rifat, A. (2021). Factors that lead to choose software as a service rather than traditional software? https;// doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21335.60321
32. Rogers, E.M. (1995). Diffusion of innovation. The Free Press, New York. Seethamraju, R. (2015). Adoption of software as a service (SaaS) enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Information Systems Frontiers, 17(3), 475-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9506-5
33. Tan, C., Liu, K., Sun, L. & Spence, C. (2013). An evaluation framework for migrating application to the cloud: Software as a service. LISS 2012, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, E-ISBN: 978-3-642- 32054-5, 967-972. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32054-5_135
34. Taufiq-Hail, G. A. M., Alanzi, A. R. A., Yusof, S. A. M. & Alruwaili, M. (2021). Software as a service (SaaS) cloud computing: An empirical investigation on university students’ perception. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge & Management, 16, 213-253. https://doi. org/10.28945/4740
35. The Software Alliance. (2018). BSA Global cloud computing scorecard- powering a bright future. (2018). Available online: https://cloudscorecard.bsa.org/2018/pdf/BSA_2018_Global_Cloud_Scorecard. pdf (accessed on December 2022).
36. Thiesse, F., Staake, T., Schmitt, P. & Fleisch, E. (2011). The rise of the ‘‘next-generation bar code’’: An international RFID adoption study. Supply Chain Management 16(5), 328-345. https://doi. org/10.1108/13598541111155848
37. Timmermans, J., Stahl, B. C., Ikonen, V. & Bozdag, E. (2010). The ethics of cloud computing: A conceptual review. 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), Indianapolis, IN, USA, 614-620. http://doi.org/10.1109/ CloudCom.2010.59
38. Tornatsky, L. & Fleischer, M. (1990). The process of technology innovation. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
39. Ullah, N. & Khan, S. U (2014). Challenges in the adoption of hybrid cloud: Preliminary results from a systematic literature review. In IEEE-21st Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, 230- 237. https://doi.org/10.1109/APSEC.2014.41
40. Verma, P., Kumar, V., Kumawat, G. L. & Yadav, N. K. (2016). The role of management control system in ERP project implementation. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, March 8-10, 2016, 1635- 1641.
41. Wright, C. (2008). The IT regulatory and standards compliance handbook: How to survive information systems audit and assessments. Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-1-59749-266-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-1-59749-266-9.X0001-X
42. Wulf, F., Lindner, T., Westner, M. & Strahringer, S. (2021). IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? The why of cloud computing delivery model selection–vignettes on the post-adoption of cloud computing. In Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 6285-6294. https:// doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.758