İYE VE BDT ÜLKELERİNDE DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM, DİJİTAL UÇURUM, EKONOMİK GELİŞME, CO2 EMİSYONLARI VE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİNİN İLİŞKİLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Küresel ekonominin en kritik konuları arasında sera gazı emisyonları, dijital dönüşüm ve yenilenebilir enerji bulunmaktadır. Bu konuların dünyaya etkilerinin araştırılması Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri ile birlikte yeşil çevrenin korunmasında kritik öneme sahiptir. Fakat bunların akademik çevrelerce birbirinden bağımsız ele alınması söz konusu ilişkinin sosyo-ekonomik etkilerinin tam olarak anlaşılamamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle hazırlanan bu çalışma, 23 yıllık dönemde (2000-2023) İleri Yükselen Ekonomiler (İYE) ve Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu (BDT) geçiş ekonomilerinde dijital dönüşüm, dijital uçurum ve yenilenebilir enerji ile CO2 emisyonları arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada iki aşamalı analiz metodu kullanılmıştır. Birinci aşamada Uygulanabilir Genelleştirilmiş En Küçük Kareler (GEKK) metodu kullanılırken ikinci aşamada Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile birlikte VZA tabanlı Malmquist İndeksi (MI) metodu kullanılmıştır. GEEK’de yenilenebilir enerjinin CO2 emisyonları üzerinde ters U şeklinde bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte CO2 emisyonlarını dijital dönüşüm ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanım artışı azaltırken, dijital uçurumun negatif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. VZA skorlarında ise Karar Verme Birimlerinde belirli dönemler için etkin üretimden sapmalar belirlenmiştir. MI hesaplamalarında ise BDT ülkelerine kıyasla İYE ülkelerinin CO2 emisyonları ve dijital uçurumu azaltmada yüksek verimliliğe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada varılan sonuçlar sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınma sürecinde politika yapıcılara önemli bir rehber niteliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dijital Dönüşüm
• Dijital Uçurum
• Ekonomik Gelişme
• CO2 emisyonları
• Yenilenebilir Enerji.

ASSOCIATING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, DIGITAL GAP, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CO2 EMISSIONS AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AEE AND CIS COUNTRIES

Öz

Greenhouse gas emissions, digital transformation, and renewable energy are among the most critical issues in the global economy. Investigating the effects of these issues on the world is critically important in protecting the green environment together with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, the study aims to examine the complex relationship between digital transformation, digital divide and renewable energy and CO2 emissions in the transition economies of Advanced Emerging Economies (AEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the period 2000-2023. In the study, the Feasible Least Squares (FGLS) method was used in the first stage, while the DEA-based Malmquist Index (MI) method was used together with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). For FGLS, it was determined that renewable energy had an inverted U-shaped effect on CO2 emissions. However, while digital transformation and renewable energy use reduce CO2 emissions, it was determined that the digital divide had a negative effect. MI calculations, it was determined that ESE countries had high efficiency in reducing CO2 emissions and the digital divide compared to CIS countries. The results of the study are an important guide for policy makers in the sustainable economic development process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Digital Transformation
• Digital Divide
• Economic Development
• CO2 emissions
• Renewable Energy

Kaynakça

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