THE IMPACT OF GREEN INNOVATION ON CO2 EMISSION AFTER THE 2005 WORLD SUMMIT ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE SYSTEM GMM METHOD

Öz

Economic growth is one of the most important factors in increasing economic prosperity.. Therefore, it becomes very important for countries. However, economic growth, especially driven by industrial production, starts to pollute nature and causes climate change. In 2005, the United Nations led the World Summit on Social Development to address climate change. The summit focused on reducing carbon emissions, using renewable energy and promoting investments in green innovation. In literature, there isn’t agreement on the relationship between technological development and CO2 emissions. So, the quality of technological development becomes important. As a result, the importance of green innovation increases. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of green innovation on reducing CO2 emissions, which is one of the sustainable development goals that emerged after the 2005 Social Development. This study analyzes the effect of green innovation on CO2 emissions for 32 countries from 2005 to 2020 by using the System GMM method. The results show that, as GDP increases, CO2 emissions also increase. However, as green innovation and renewable energy consumption increase, CO2 emissions decrease. These findings suggest that countries should support green innovations to enhance their positive environmental effects and minimize ecological damage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Co2 Emission
• Green Inovation
• System GMM
• Renewable Energy
• Environmental Patents

2005 DÜNYA SOSYAL GELİŞME ZİRVESİ SONRASI YEŞİL İNOVASYONUN CO2 EMİSYONUNA ETKİSİ: SİSTEM GMM YÖNTEMİ

Öz

Ekonomik büyüme ekonomik refahı arttıran en önemli faktördür. Böylece ülkeler için büyüme oldukça önemli hale geldi. Ancak özellikle sanayi üretimine bağlı olarak artan ekonomik büyüme, doğayı kirletmeye başlayarak iklim değişikliğine neden olmaktadır. İklim değişikliği ile mücadele kapsamında Bunun üzerine Birleşmiş Milletler öncülüğünde 2005 yılında Dünya Sosyal Gelişme Zirvesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu zirvede sürdürülebilir kalkınma açısından karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı ve yeşil inovasyon yatırımlarının teşvik edilmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. İktisat literatüründe teknolojik gelişim ile CO2 emisyonu arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik görüş birliği yoktur. Bu açıdan teknolojik gelişmeden ziyade bu gelişmenin niteliği öne çıkmaktadır. Böylece yeşil inovasyonun önemi artmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, 2005 yılında gerçekleşen Dünya Sosyal Gelişme Zirvesi sonrasında ortaya çıkan sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinden olan CO2 emisyonun azaltılmasına yönelik yeşil inovasyonun etkisini incelemektedir. Çalışmada, 2005-2020 dönemi ele alınarak 32 ülke için yeşil inovasyonun CO2 emisyonuna etkisi Sistem GMM yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre kişi başına düşen GSYİH arttıkça CO2 emisyonu artmakta buna karşın yeşil inovasyon ve yenilebilir enerji tüketimi arttıkça CO2 emisyonu azalmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarının gösterdiği üzere, yeşil inovasyonların çevre üzerindeki olumlu etkilerini arttırmak ve tahribatı minimum seviyelere indirmek için dünya ülkelerinin yeşil inovasyonları desteklemesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Co2 Emisyonu
• Yeşil İnovasyon
• Sistem GMM
• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Çevresel Patentler

Kaynakça

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