İNGİLTERE MERKEZLİ DÜŞÜK MALİYETLİ HAVAYOLU İŞLETMELERİNİN BREXIT SÜRECİNDEKİ STRATEJİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Politik karar vericilerin endüstriyel düzeydeki etkisini Avrupa Birliği (AB) ticari havayolu taşımacılığı sektörünün serbestleşmesinde ve BREXIT süreçlerinde görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada İngiltere’nin AB’den çıkış süreci olarak 2016 yılında referandum ile başlatılan BREXIT sürecinin İngiltere merkezli operasyon düzenleyen düşük maliyetli havayolu işletmelerinin kaynak bağımlılıklarını nasıl etkilediği üzerinde durulmuştur. Bunun için Kaynak Bağımlılığı Teorisi (KBT) bakış açısı ile değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Easyjet ve Ryanair havayolu işletmelerinin örneklem olarak alındığı çalışmada firmaların yayınlamış oldukları raporlar incelenerek kaynak bağımlılıkları ve BREXIT sonrasında bu bağımlılıklar ile ilgili belirsizlikleri azaltmaya yönelik stratejileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan BREXIT süreci ile düşük maliyetli işletmelerin stratejileri için oldukça kritik olduğu görülen AB iç hat pazarlarına, ekip ihtiyacını karşılamak için insan kaynaklarına ve bakım-onarım süreçlerinde ihtiyaç duyduğu yedek parçalara ulaşım konusunda ciddi bir belirsizlik ile karşı karşıya olduğu anlaşılmıştır. İşletmeler, sayılan kaynaklar ile ilgili belirsizlikleri yönetebilmek için yönetim kurulunu değiştirerek sahiplik koşullarını yeniden düzenlemişlerdir. Bunun yanı sıra, AB içerisinde doğrudan yatırımlar, ortaklıklar ve diğer işletmelerin tamamını satın alma yoluyla büyüme stratejileri benimsenmiştir. Ayrıca lobicilik ve kamuoyu oluşturma gibi yöntemlerin de BREXIT sürecindeki karar vericileri etkilemek için kullanıldığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kaynak belirsizliği
• kaynak bağımlılığı teorisi
• BREXIT
• stratejik yönetim
• düşük maliyet stratejisi

INVESTIGATION OF UK BASED LOW COST AIRLINES' STRATEGIES IN THE BREXIT PROCESS

Abstract

The industry level impact of Political decision makers is observable in the liberalization of the European Union (EU) commercial air transportation industry and during the BREXIT. In this study, it is aimed to understand how the BREXIT process, which was initiated in 2016 affects the resource dependencies of UK-based low-cost airlines. Consequently, an evaluation was made with the perspective of Resource Dependency Theory (RBT). Thus, Easyjet and Ryanair airlines were taken as a sample. Airlines’ strategies to reduce resource dependencies and reuncertainties on resources after BREXIT were tried to be determined from their reports. With the BREXIT process, it has been understood that low-cost businesses are faced with a serious uncertainty in accessing the EU domestic market, human resources to find flight crews, and spare parts needed for maintenance and repair. In order to manage these uncertainties, firms have rearranged their ownership conditions by changing the board of directors. In addition; direct investments, partnerships and complete acquisitions in the EU countries are adopted as growth strategies. Furthermore, it has been observed that lobbying and setting public opinion as one of the activities, were adopted by low cost airlines to influence decision-makers of BREXIT.

Keywords

• Resource uncertainty
• resource dependency theory
• BREXIT
• strategic management
• low cost strategy

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