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THE EMERGENCE AND SCOPE OF MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROMOTION AT THE EU-LEVEL

Yıl 2017, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 1001 - 1010, 01.12.2017

Öz

This paper analyses the evolution of the target group and objectives of the European Commission’s enterprise/entrepreneurship policy since the end of the 1970s, with particular attention to the promotion of migrant entrepreneurship. Secondly, it explores the tools available at the EU-level to promote migrant entrepreneurship and the limitations of this policy. Following a study of academic and EU sources, the research shows that the EC’s enterprise/entrepreneurship policy evolved from primarily targeting larger companies, into a policy with extra interest for SMEs and finally the whole society, including migrants. Promotion of migrant entrepreneurship is i.a. limited by the principle of subsidiarity

Kaynakça

  • Aernoudt R., & Van Rompuy, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship, a way of life. Intersentia, 4-7, 15, 17
  • Autio, E. (2017). Entrepreneurship support in Europe, trends and challenges for EU policy. Report prepared for EU DG Growth, Erkko Autio, Professor, Imperial College Business School London, February 3, 2016
  • Desiderio, M. V. (2014). Policies to support immigrant entrepreneurship. Washington, DC, Migration Policy Institute
  • Desiderio, M.V., & Mestres- Domenèch, J. (2011). Migrant entrepreneurship in OECD countries. OECD International Migration Outlook- SOPEMI
  • Dinan, D. (2004). Europe Recast, A History of European Union. The European Union Series, Palgrave Macmillan
  • EU (2009). COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2009/50/EC of 25 May 2009 on the conditions of entry and residence of third- country nationals for the purposes of highly qualified employment. Official Journal of the European Union, Retrieved content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32009L0050&from=EN October 2015 from
  • http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal
  • The sovereignty of member states in labour market policies has however been restricted by the transfer of macro-economic policy to the
  • European Central Bank and the Stability and Growth Pact which discourage fiscal policy.
  • EU (2015). Erasmus for young entrepreneurs. Retrieved 1 November 2015 from http://www.erasmus- entrepreneurs.eu/index.php?lan=en
  • EU Your Europe (2017). Business, Finance and Funding, Access to finance. Retrieved on 1 June 2017 from europa.eu/youreurope/business/funding-grants/access-to-finance/index_en.htm
  • European Commission (2003). Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Retrieved 1 November 2015 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003H0361&from=EN
  • European Commission (2010). Communication from the Commission: Europe 2020- A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Brussels
  • European Commission (2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Economic Committee and the Committee of the Regions: European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals. Brussels
  • European Commission (2012). Flash Eurobarometer 354: Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond. Brussels
  • European Commission (2013). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Entrepreneurship 2020 action Plan: Reigniting the entrepreneurial spirit in Europe. Brussels
  • European Commission (2013b). COSME: Europe’s programme for SME’s leaflet. Brussels
  • European Commission (2013c). Multiannual financial framework 2014-2020 and EU budget 2014: The figures. Luxemburg
  • European Commission (2013d). HORIZON 2020: SMEs. Retrieved 1 November 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/area/smes
  • European Commission (2014). Horizon 2020 in brief, the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation. Luxembourg European Commission (2015). Migrant
  • entrepreneurs. Retrieved 3 November 2015 from
  • http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/promoting-entrepreneurship/we-work-for/migrants/index_en.htm
  • European Commission (2015b). Entrepreneurship and Small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs). Retrieved 3 November on http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/
  • European Commission (2016). Communication from the European Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Action Plan on the integration of third country nationals. Strasbourg
  • European Commission (2016b). Evaluation and analysis of good practices in promoting and supporting migrant entrepreneurship, Guide Book. Luxembourg
  • European Commission (2017). State of the Union 2017, Ensuring effective legal pathways to Europe. Brussels European Commission (2017b). Migrant
  • entrepreneurs. Retrieved 15 November 2017 from
  • http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/promoting-entrepreneurship/we-work-for/migrants_en
  • European Commission DG Growth (2016). Annual report on European SMEs, 2015/2016: SME recovery continues. Brussels
  • Hay, C., & Rosamon B. (2002). Globalization, European integration and the discursive construction of economic imperatives. Journal of European Public Policy, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2002, 147-167
  • Kloosterman, R., Van der Leun, J., & Rath, J. (1999). Mixed embeddedness: (In)formal economic activities an immigrant business in the Netherlands. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23, pp. 253-267.
  • Marchand, K., & Siegel, M. (2014). World Migration Report 2015: Immigrant entrepreneurship in Cities. International organization for Migration
  • Mitchell, K. (2006). Neoliberal Governmentality in the European Union: Education, Training and Technologies of Citizenship. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, June 2006 vol. 24, 389-407
  • Rath, J., & Eurofound (2011). Promoting ethnic entrepreneurship in European cities. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxemburg
  • Singer, S., Ernesto, Amoros, J., & Moska, Arreolo, D. (2015). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2014. Babson, Global Entrepreneurship Research Association
  • Vasilescu, L. (2014). Accessing finance for innovative EU SMEs: key drivers and challenges. Economic Review – Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. XII, Issue 2, November 2014, 35-47

GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİNİN AB DÜZEYİNDE TEŞVİK EDİLİŞİNİN DOĞUMU VE KAPSAMI

Yıl 2017, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 1001 - 1010, 01.12.2017

Öz

Bu makale; 1970’lerin sonlarından bu yana Avrupa Komisyonu’nun girişim/ girişimcilik politikasının hedef kitle ve amaçlarındaki gelişimi göçme girişimciliği odaklı olarak incelemektedir. İkinci olarak, makale kapsamında Avrupa Birliği AB düzeyinde göçmen girişimciliğini teşvik etmek için kullanılan araçları ve göçmen politikasının sınırlarını araştırmaktadır. İlgili literatürün ve AB tarafından sunulan kaynakların araştırılması sonucu Avrupa Komisyonu’nun AB girişimcilik politikasının büyük ölçekli şirketleri hedefleyen bir politika yürütürken, KOBİ’ler ve ardından tüm toplum odaklı ve göçmenleri de kapsayıcı bir politika olarak gelişmeye başladığı gözlemlenmektedir. AB göçmen girişimcilik politikası yetki devri prensibi ile sınırlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aernoudt R., & Van Rompuy, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship, a way of life. Intersentia, 4-7, 15, 17
  • Autio, E. (2017). Entrepreneurship support in Europe, trends and challenges for EU policy. Report prepared for EU DG Growth, Erkko Autio, Professor, Imperial College Business School London, February 3, 2016
  • Desiderio, M. V. (2014). Policies to support immigrant entrepreneurship. Washington, DC, Migration Policy Institute
  • Desiderio, M.V., & Mestres- Domenèch, J. (2011). Migrant entrepreneurship in OECD countries. OECD International Migration Outlook- SOPEMI
  • Dinan, D. (2004). Europe Recast, A History of European Union. The European Union Series, Palgrave Macmillan
  • EU (2009). COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2009/50/EC of 25 May 2009 on the conditions of entry and residence of third- country nationals for the purposes of highly qualified employment. Official Journal of the European Union, Retrieved content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32009L0050&from=EN October 2015 from
  • http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal
  • The sovereignty of member states in labour market policies has however been restricted by the transfer of macro-economic policy to the
  • European Central Bank and the Stability and Growth Pact which discourage fiscal policy.
  • EU (2015). Erasmus for young entrepreneurs. Retrieved 1 November 2015 from http://www.erasmus- entrepreneurs.eu/index.php?lan=en
  • EU Your Europe (2017). Business, Finance and Funding, Access to finance. Retrieved on 1 June 2017 from europa.eu/youreurope/business/funding-grants/access-to-finance/index_en.htm
  • European Commission (2003). Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Retrieved 1 November 2015 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003H0361&from=EN
  • European Commission (2010). Communication from the Commission: Europe 2020- A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Brussels
  • European Commission (2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Economic Committee and the Committee of the Regions: European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals. Brussels
  • European Commission (2012). Flash Eurobarometer 354: Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond. Brussels
  • European Commission (2013). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Entrepreneurship 2020 action Plan: Reigniting the entrepreneurial spirit in Europe. Brussels
  • European Commission (2013b). COSME: Europe’s programme for SME’s leaflet. Brussels
  • European Commission (2013c). Multiannual financial framework 2014-2020 and EU budget 2014: The figures. Luxemburg
  • European Commission (2013d). HORIZON 2020: SMEs. Retrieved 1 November 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/area/smes
  • European Commission (2014). Horizon 2020 in brief, the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation. Luxembourg European Commission (2015). Migrant
  • entrepreneurs. Retrieved 3 November 2015 from
  • http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/promoting-entrepreneurship/we-work-for/migrants/index_en.htm
  • European Commission (2015b). Entrepreneurship and Small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs). Retrieved 3 November on http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/
  • European Commission (2016). Communication from the European Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Action Plan on the integration of third country nationals. Strasbourg
  • European Commission (2016b). Evaluation and analysis of good practices in promoting and supporting migrant entrepreneurship, Guide Book. Luxembourg
  • European Commission (2017). State of the Union 2017, Ensuring effective legal pathways to Europe. Brussels European Commission (2017b). Migrant
  • entrepreneurs. Retrieved 15 November 2017 from
  • http://ec.europa.eu/growth/smes/promoting-entrepreneurship/we-work-for/migrants_en
  • European Commission DG Growth (2016). Annual report on European SMEs, 2015/2016: SME recovery continues. Brussels
  • Hay, C., & Rosamon B. (2002). Globalization, European integration and the discursive construction of economic imperatives. Journal of European Public Policy, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2002, 147-167
  • Kloosterman, R., Van der Leun, J., & Rath, J. (1999). Mixed embeddedness: (In)formal economic activities an immigrant business in the Netherlands. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23, pp. 253-267.
  • Marchand, K., & Siegel, M. (2014). World Migration Report 2015: Immigrant entrepreneurship in Cities. International organization for Migration
  • Mitchell, K. (2006). Neoliberal Governmentality in the European Union: Education, Training and Technologies of Citizenship. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, June 2006 vol. 24, 389-407
  • Rath, J., & Eurofound (2011). Promoting ethnic entrepreneurship in European cities. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxemburg
  • Singer, S., Ernesto, Amoros, J., & Moska, Arreolo, D. (2015). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2014. Babson, Global Entrepreneurship Research Association
  • Vasilescu, L. (2014). Accessing finance for innovative EU SMEs: key drivers and challenges. Economic Review – Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. XII, Issue 2, November 2014, 35-47
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Kevin Van Hove Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Hove, K. V. (2017). THE EMERGENCE AND SCOPE OF MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROMOTION AT THE EU-LEVEL. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 13(13), 1001-1010.