Derin Öğrenme Mimarileriyle Gerçek Zamanlı Hava Görüntülerinde Çoklu Nesne Tespiti ve Takibi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 162 - 172, 31.07.2025

Betül Akyüz , Melih Bahadır , Özkan İnik

Öz

Gerçek zamanlı sistemlerde çoklu nesne tespiti ve takibi, insansız hava araçları (İHA) ve uydu sistemleri gibi platformlardan elde edilen hava görüntülerinin analizinde karşılaşılan başlıca zorluklardan biridir. Geleneksel takip algoritmaları, özellikle karmaşık ve dinamik ortamlarda yetersiz kalmakta, bu da daha güçlü ve esnek yöntemlerin geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yüksek çıkarım oranı ve yeterli doğruluk hedefleri doğrultusunda derin öğrenme tabanlı bir çözüm önermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, tek aşamalı nesne tespit mimarisi olan YOLOv11 modeli, tespit edilen nesnelerin takibi için ByteTrack algoritmasıyla entegre edilmiştir. Bu yaklaşım, nesne tespiti konusunda yüksek doğruluğuyla bilinen iki aşamalı Faster R-CNN mimarisi (MobileNetV3-large FPN omurgası) ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Modellerin eğitimi, farklı boyutlardaki nesneleri içeren zorlu VisDrone ve DOTA veri setlerinin birleştirilmesiyle oluşturulan kapsamlı bir veri kümesi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, YOLOv11 modelinin yüksek hızlı çıkarım yeteneği sayesinde gerçek zamanlı uygulamalar için daha uygun olduğunu, buna karşın Faster R-CNN modelinin daha yüksek doğrulukta tespitler sağladığını ancak daha fazla hesaplama maliyeti gerektirdiğini göstermektedir. Takip aşamasında kullanılan ByteTrack algoritması, tespit edilen nesneleri başarılı bir şekilde tanımlayarak takip doğruluğunu artırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, her iki modelin avantajları ve sınırlılıkları değerlendirilmiş ve model seçiminin hedeflenen uygulamanın gereksinimlerine göre yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çoklu Nesne Takibi , YOLOv11 , Faster R-CNN , ByteTrack , Havasal Görüntüler

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü'nde yürütülen bir lisans bitirme projesi kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK – 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı (Proje No: 1919B012406548)

Proje Numarası

1919B012406548

Multiple Object Detection and Tracking in Real-Time Aerial Imagery with Deep Learning Architectures

Öz

Real-time multi-object detection and tracking is one of the main challenges in analysing aerial imagery from platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite systems. Traditional tracking algorithms are inadequate especially in complex and dynamic environments, which necessitates the development of more powerful and flexible methods. This study proposes a deep learning based solution in line with the objectives of high extraction rate and sufficient accuracy. Within the scope of the study, the YOLOv11 model, which is a single-stage object detection architecture, is integrated with the ByteTrack algorithm for tracking the detected objects. This approach is evaluated in comparison with the two-stage Faster R-CNN architecture (MobileNetV3-large FPN backbone), which is known for its high accuracy in object detection. The training of the models was performed on a comprehensive dataset created by combining the challenging VisDrone and DOTA datasets containing objects of different sizes. The results show that the YOLOv11 model is more suitable for real-time applications due to its high speed inference capability, while the Faster R-CNN model provides more accurate detections despite its higher computational cost. The ByteTrack algorithm used in the tracking phase has increased the tracking accuracy by successfully identifying the detected objects. In this context, the advantages and limitations of both models are evaluated and it is concluded that the choice of model should be made according to the requirements of the targeted application.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Multi-Object Tracking , YOLOv11 , Faster R-CNN , ByteTrack , Aerial Images

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted as part of the undergraduate capstone project in the Department of Computer Engineering at Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University.

Destekleyen Kurum

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) – 2209-A Research Projects Support Programme for Undergraduate Students (Project No: 1919B012406548)

Proje Numarası

1919B012406548

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