IMPROVEMENT OF FOREST ROADS, CASE STUDY: THE ACCESS ROAD TO THE GOLIRAN COAL MINE IN MAZANDARAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 53 - 75, 21.09.2023

Mahdi Pourmojarab

https://doi.org/10.61150/ijonfest.2023010106

Öz

Improvement of existing forest roads for easier access to mineral resources and operation is one of the national needs and a factor of economic and tourism development in the forest areas on the southern Coast of the Khazar Lake and in the Highlands of the northern provinces of Iran. Forest resource management can only be sustainable through a well-organized road network designed with optimal spatial planning and minimum environmental impacts. Improving the quality of forest roads leads to reducing mining and transport costs, and improving the livelihoods of the local people However, unscrupulous construction and improper maintenance could have adverse and irreparable effects. Environmental destruction should be minimized in the design and construction of forest roads and engineering principles should not be neglected in this regard. In the long run, Improved Road construction will have positive environmental impacts because road damage due to Erosion and Drift brings environmental damage in addition to economic and social injuries. One of the main factors in the stability and durability of roads is extensive drainage and stabilization of the road shell in inaccessible forest and mountain areas. This article examines environmental and engineering problems, sustainability, and impacts of drainage and stability in the construction and improvement of forest roads based on the access road to the Goliran coal mine in the highlands of Babol county in Mazandaran province, Iran.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest road network, Environmental impact, Natural resources, Drainage, Stability, Construction

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• [1] Standard Trail Plans and Specifications STD, USDA Forest Service 2014.
• [2] Forest Roads and Tracks, Grants & Regulations Note 25, Forestry Commission, England 2011.
• [3] L. Pancel, M. Köhl Tropical Forestry Handbook, Second Edition.
• [4] Ozturk, T., 2020 Temporal change of Drainage Structures in Forest Road. European Journal of Forest Engineering.
• [5] NZ Forest Road Engineering Manual 2020, NZ Forest Owners Association Inc.
• [6] R. Heinrich and O. Sedlack A Manual for the Planning, Design, and Construction of Forest Roads in Steep Terrain, FAO, 1998.
• [7] Boran, M., F. Tonelli, and J. Selleroni (2004), A physically based model of the effects of forest roads on slope stability, Water Resources.
• [8] Anonymous, 2009. How to Install a Forest Road Culvert. Forestry Services Division, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, USA.
• [9] Rezvani, M., 2012. Investigation of Drainage Structure of Forest Roads in North of Iran. Global Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 1(2): 220-222.
• [10] Ryan, T., Phillips, H., Ramsay, J., Dempsey, J, 2004. Forest Road Manual Guidelines for the Design, Construction, and Management of Forest Roads. National Council for Forest Research and Development, Ireland.
• [11] Schwab, J., 1994. Erosion Control: Planning, Forest Road Deactivation and Hillslope Revegetation. A Guide for Management of Landslide-Prone Terrain in the Pacific Northwest, Second Edition, Victoria, British Columbia.
• [12] Anderson, M. G. (1983), Road-cut slope topography and stability relationships in St. Lucia, West Indies.
• [13] Hydrological and Geological Studies of Improvement of Goliran Road to Goliran coal mine, Argoman Tarh consultant Engineering, Jun 2021, Tehran, Iran.