Araştırma Makalesi
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The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 507 - 526, 29.12.2025

Belkıs Elyiğit

https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1708139

Öz

This study comprehensively evaluates the use of recycled materials within the scope of sustainable ground improvement techniques through an extensive literature review. Industrial wastes (fly ash, cement kiln dust, blast furnace slag), construction and demolition wastes (recycled concrete and asphalt aggregates), and other waste materials (tire granules, crushed glass) have been investigated for their efficacy in enhancing the geotechnical properties of soils. Research findings indicate that these materials lead to positive changes in soil characteristics such as plasticity, strength, swelling potential, and permeability. Furthermore, the utilization of these materials offers significant advantages in terms of environmental sustainability, including the reduction of carbon footprint, conservation of natural resources, and improved waste management. Economic analyses also demonstrate that recycled materials provide cost-effective solutions. This study aims to contribute to sustainable ground improvement practices by proposing recommendations for deepening research in this field, monitoring environmental risks, and developing relevant standards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Recycled materials ground improvement sustainability carbon footprint economic feasibility

Kaynakça

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  • [3] Mansour, M. R., et al. (2020). Circular economy and geotechnical engineering: The use of industrial by-products in soil stabilization. Sustainability, 12(9), 3816.
  • [4] Vural, I. (2019). İnşaat yıkıntı atıklarının zemin iyileştirmesinde kullanılabilirliği. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, 7 (-1): 01-06.
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Sürdürülebilir Zemin İyileştirmede Geri Dönüşümlü Malzemelerin Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 507 - 526, 29.12.2025

Belkıs Elyiğit

https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1708139

Öz

Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir zemin iyileştirme teknikleri kapsamında geri dönüşümlü malzemelerin kullanımını kapsamlı bir literatür taraması ile değerlendirmektedir. Endüstriyel atıklar (uçucu kül, çimento fırın tozu, yüksek fırın cürufu), inşaat ve yıkım atıkları (geri dönüşümlü beton ve asfalt agregaları) ile diğer atık malzemeler (lastik granülleri, kırılmış cam) zeminlerin geoteknik özelliklerini iyileştirmede incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar, bu malzemelerin plastisite, dayanım, şişme ve geçirgenlik gibi zemin özelliklerinde olumlu değişikliklere yol açtığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, bu malzemelerin kullanımı çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından karbon ayak izinin azaltılması, doğal kaynakların korunması ve atık yönetimi gibi önemli avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Ekonomik analizler ise geri dönüşümlü malzemelerin maliyet etkin çözümler sunduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, bu alandaki araştırmaların derinleştirilmesi, çevresel risklerin izlenmesi ve standartların geliştirilmesi yönünde önerilerde bulunarak sürdürülebilir zemin iyileştirme uygulamalarına katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geri dönüşümlü malzemeler zemin iyileştirme karbon ayak izi ekonomik fizibilite sürdürülebilirlik

Kaynakça

  • [1] Pacheco-Torgal, F. and Jalali, S. (2011). Cementitious building materials reinforced with veg table fibers: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 25(2), 575-581.
  • [2] du Plessis, C. (2007). A strategic framework for sustainable construction in developing countries. Construction Management and Economics, 25(1), 67–76.
  • [3] Mansour, M. R., et al. (2020). Circular economy and geotechnical engineering: The use of industrial by-products in soil stabilization. Sustainability, 12(9), 3816.
  • [4] Vural, I. (2019). İnşaat yıkıntı atıklarının zemin iyileştirmesinde kullanılabilirliği. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, 7 (-1): 01-06.
  • [5] Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., and Van Woerden, F. (2018). What a waste 2.0: A global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. World Bank Group.
  • [6] Lu, M., Zhou, C., Wang, C., Jackson, R. B., and Kempes, C. P. (2022). Worldwide scaling of waste generation in urban systems. Nature Sustainability, 5(8), 694–702.
  • [7] Wilson, D. C. and Velis, C. A. (2015). The world’s growing municipal solid waste: Trends and impacts. Environmental Research Letters, 10(12), 125005.
  • [8] Ekinci, C. E. (2024). Bordo Kitap: Mimar ve Mühendisin İnşaat El Kitabı. Data Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye
  • [9] Robinson, B. H. (2009). E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Science of the Total Environment, 408(2), 183–191.
  • [10] Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., and Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 3(7), e1700782.
  • [11] Al-Khatib, I. A., Kontogianni, S., Nabaa, H. A., Alshami, N., and Al-Sari, M. I. (2016). Public perception of hazardousness caused by solid waste in developing countries: A case study from Palestine. Science of the Total Environment, 550, 1030–1039.
  • [12] Pichtel, J. (2005). Waste management practices: Municipal, hazardous, and industrial. CRC Press.
  • [13] Baldovino, J. A., Nuñez de la Rosa, Y. E., and Namdar, A. (2024). Sustainable cement stabilization of plastic clay using ground municipal solid waste: Enhancing soil properties for geotechnical applications. Sustainability, 16(12), 5195.
  • [14] Lai, Z. and Chen, Y. (2024). Enhancing the mechanical and environmental performance of solidified soil using construction waste and glass micro-powder. Heliyon, 10(22), e40187.
  • [15] Almuaythir, S., Zaini, M. S. I., Hasan, M., and Hoque, M. I. (2024). Sustainable soil stabilization using industrial waste ash: Enhancing expansive clay properties. Heliyon, 10(20), e39124.
  • [16] Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2010). A review on the utilization of fly ash. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 36(3), 327-363.
  • [17] Kolias, S. D., Kasselouri-Rigopoulou, V., and Karahalios, A. (2005). Stabilization of clayey soils with high calcium fly ash and cement. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 17(1), 72-81.
  • [18] Wang, X., and Ni, J. (2016). Effects of blast furnace slag on engineering properties of sandy soils. Construction and Building Materials, 121, 263-270.
  • [19] Heidari, A., Niya, A. A., Sarani, H., and Rahimi, M. (2018). Stabilization of sandy soils using ground granulated blast furnace slag. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 12(2), 152-158.
  • [20] Özkan, Ö. (2012). Effects of blast furnace slag on soil permeability and freeze-thaw durability. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 30, 507-517.
  • [21] Miller, G. A., and Zaman, M. M. (2000). Field and laboratory evaluation of cement kiln dust as a soil stabilizer. Transportation Research Record, 1714(1), 25–32.
  • [22] Baghdadi, Z. D., et al. (1995). Environmental impacts of cement kiln dust application. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 121(6), 421-428.
  • [23] Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., et al. (2009). The effect of cement kiln dust on the engineering properties of clayey soils. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 713-720.
  • [24] URL-1: https://rotarykilnfactory.com/how-to-curb-cement-kiln-dust/(Access Date: 11, 15, 2025)
  • [25] URL-2: https://www.jfe-mineral.co.jp/e_mineral/business/iron_and_steel/ground_granulated_ blast_furnace_slag.html (Access Date: 11, 15, 2025)
  • [26] URL-3: https://rotarykilnfactory.com/how-to-curb-cement-kiln-dust/ (Access Date: 11, 15, 2025)
  • [27] Tam, V. W. Y., et al. (2018). Economic evaluation of recycled aggregates in construction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 1621-1631.
  • [28] Aydın İpekçi, C., Coşkun, N. ve Tıkansak Karadayı, T., (2017). İnşaat sektöründe geri kazanılmış malzeme kullanımının sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemi, TÜBAV Bilim, 10(2): 43-50.
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  • [59] Özkan, Ö. (2012). Effect of blast furnace slag on soil stabilization. Construction and Building Materials, 30, 98-104.
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  • [61] Humphrey, D. N., and Eaton, R. R. (2000). Physical properties of recycled tire chips for lightweight fill applications. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 23(3), 292-299.
  • [62] Baghdadi, Z. D., Pezeshkpour, P., and Tuncer, E. R. (1995). Stabilization of problematic soils with cement kiln dust. Transportation Research Record, (1508), 36-43.
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  • [64] Rao, A., Jha, K. N., and Misra, S. (2007). Use of aggregates from recycled construction and demolition waste in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 50(1), 71–81.
  • [65] Arulrajah, A., Piratheepan, J., Disfani, M. M., and Horpibulsuk, S. (2014). Recycled construction and demolition materials in geotechnics–A review. Construction and Building Materials, 58, 177–192.
  • [66] Rao, R. N., Kumar, S., and Raju, G. S. N. (2007). Experimental investigations on utilization of foundry sand in soil stabilization. Construction and Building Materials, 21(2), 308-313.
  • [67] Tam, V. W., et al. (2018). A review on recycling construction and demolition waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 136, 140-152.
  • [68] Humphrey, D. N., and Eaton, R. A. (2000). Evaluation of crumb rubber for use in soil improvement. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126(4), 345-353.
  • [69] Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., Al-Kamyani, S., and Husein, M. (2009). Stabilization of soils with cement kiln dust. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 21(4), 213-219.
  • [70] Kolias, S., Kasselouri-Rigopoulou, V., and Karahalios, A. (2005). Stabilisation of clayey soils with high calcium fly ash and cement. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27(2), 301–313.
  • [71] Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., Al-Kamyani, M. A., and Husein, M. (2009). Stabilization of expansive clays using cement kiln dust. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 21(11), 569–576.
  • [72] Humphrey, D. N., and Eaton, R. (2000). Use of shredded tires as lightweight fill. Geotechnical Special Publication, 100, 159-168.
  • [73] Heidari, A., Niya, A. A., Sarani, M., and Rahimi, H. (2018). Stabilization of sandy soils using ground granulated blast furnace slag and cement. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(6), 1097–1104.
  • [74] Arulrajah, A., Piratheepan, J., Disfani, M. M., and Horpibulsuk, S. (2014). Recycled construction and demolition materials in geotechnical applications. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 91, 1-12.
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  • [80] Arulrajah, A., Piratheepan, J., Disfani, M. M., and Horpibulsuk, S. (2014). Mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregate stabilized pavement base materials incorporating fly ash and cement. Construction and Building Materials, 58, 49-60.
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  • [84] Deboucha, T., and Hashim, K. (2011). Assessment of leaching potential of heavy metals from stabilized/solidified industrial wastes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 183, 335–343.
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  • [88] Arulrajah, A., Piratheepan, J., Disfani, M. M., and Horpibulsuk, S. (2014). Geotechnical characteristics of recycled crushed brick in pavement applications. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(4), 556–564.
  • [89] Mansour, M. S., Abdelrahman, M., and Mahmoud, H. (2020). Environmental benefits of using recycled materials in geotechnical applications: A review. Sustainability, 12(4), 1423.
  • [90] Arulrajah, A., Piratheepan, J., Disfani, M. M., and Horpibulsuk, S. (2014). Recycled construction and demolition materials in geotechnics – recycled concrete aggregate and crushed brick. Construction and Building Materials, 58, 245–257.
  • [91] Heidari, A., et al. (2018). Strength and durability of stabilized soil using cement kiln dust. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(2), 04017205.
  • [92] Mansour, M. Y., Al-Hadithi, T. S., and Al-Shaibani, M. T. (2020). Environmental impacts of construction and demolition waste recycling. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(18), 22858-22869.
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Toplam 97 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapım Teknolojileri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Belkıs Elyiğit 0000-0002-2556-1862

Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Elyiğit, B. (2025). The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 11(2), 507-526. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1708139
AMA Elyiğit B. The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. Aralık 2025;11(2):507-526. doi:10.29132/ijpas.1708139
Chicago Elyiğit, Belkıs. “The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11, sy. 2 (Aralık 2025): 507-26. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1708139.
EndNote Elyiğit B (01 Aralık 2025) The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11 2 507–526.
IEEE B. Elyiğit, “The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, c. 11, sy. 2, ss. 507–526, 2025, doi: 10.29132/ijpas.1708139.
ISNAD Elyiğit, Belkıs. “The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11/2 (Aralık2025), 507-526. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1708139.
JAMA Elyiğit B. The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2025;11:507–526.
MLA Elyiğit, Belkıs. “The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, c. 11, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 507-26, doi:10.29132/ijpas.1708139.
Vancouver Elyiğit B. The Role of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Ground Improvement. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2025;11(2):507-26.