Determination of Suitable Drying Model and Energy Efficiency of Mixed Culture Microalgal Biomass by Infrared Drying

Abstract

In this study, a modeling approach using infrared (IR) drying data of mixed-culture algae, an energy efficiency analysis of the drying process, and some surface proper-ties of the dried product were presented. New model equations derived from com-monly known drying models were applied to experimental data obtained from drying microalgal biomass at various temperatures ranging from 5 to 105 °C. Among these, the DM13 equation, based on the Newton model, best represented the drying behav-ior. The specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) and moisture extraction rate (MER) increased with higher drying temperatures, while, as expected, the specific energy consumption (SEC) decreased. According to the energy efficiency analysis, the IR drying method can be considered suitable for drying microalgal biomass. FT-IR re-sults indicated characteristic green algae peaks attributed to components such as carbohydrates, proteins, and cellulose–fatty acids. Peaks at 2900 cm⁻¹ and 3386 cm⁻¹ decreased with increasing drying temperature and disappeared at 105 °C. SEM imag-es showed that microalgal cells experienced shrinkage at 60 °C. Furthermore, while dried microalgal biomass exhibited a porous structure at 50 °C and 60 °C, pores were almost absent at 70 °C and 105 °C.

Keywords

• Mixed culture algae
• Infrared drying
• Derived model equations
• Energy efficiency.

Kızılötesi Kurutma Yöntemi ile Karışık Kültür Mikroalg Biyokütlesinin Kurutulmasında Uygun Modelin ve Enerji Verimliliğinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, karışık kültür alglerinin kızılötesi kurutma (IR) verileri kullanılarak modelleme yaklaşımı, kuruma sürecinin enerji verimlilik analizi ve kuru ürünün bazı yüzey özellikleri sunuldu. Yaygın olarak bilinen kurutma model denklemlerinden tü-retilen yeni model denklemleri mikroalg biyokütlesinin 5-105 °C aralığında farklı sıcaklıklarda kurutulması ile elde edilen deneysel verilere uygulandı. Sonuçta bu denklemlerden Newton modelini esas alan DM13 denkleminin verileri en iyi temsil eden denklem olduğu görüldü. Spesifik nem çekme hızı (SMER) ve nem çekme hızı (MER) değerleri IR kurutucuda kurutma sıcaklığındaki artma ile arttı. Beklendiği üzere, kurutma sıcaklığındaki artmaya bağlı olarak spesifik enerji tüketim değeri (SEC) azaldı. Enerji verimlilik analizlerine göre IR kurutma yönteminin mikroalg biyokütlesinin kurutulması için uygun bir yöntem olduğu söylenebilir. FT-IR sonuçları, kurutulmuş karışık kültür alg örneklerinin karbonhidrat, protein ve selüloz-yağ asidi gibi bileşenlerinden kaynaklanan tipik yeşil alg piklerine işaret etmektedir. 2900 ve 3386 cm-1 noktasındaki pikler artan kurutma sıcaklığı ile azalmaktadır ve 105 °C’ de görülmemektedir. SEM resimlerine göre, 60 °C’ de mikroalg hücrelerinde bir büzül-menin meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca, kurutulmuş mikroalg biyokütlesinin 50 ve 60 °C kurutma sıcaklıklarında gözenekli bir yapıya sahip iken 70 ve 105 °C sıcaklıklarında gözeneklerin neredeyse mevcut olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

• Karışık kültür alg örneği
• Kızılötesi kurutma
• Türetilmiş model denklemleri
• Enerji verimliliği

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