İklimlendirme Sistemlerinin (VRF-CHILLER KAZAN FCU) Seçimi ve Maliyet Analizi: Otel Örneği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 518 - 532, 31.12.2024

Erdem Işık , Abdullah Bingöl

https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1540279

Öz

Mekanik sistemlerin tükettikleri enerjilerin, sistemlere bağlı yatırım maliyetlerinin ve işletme maliyetlerinin ekonomi üzerindeki etkisi tartışılmazdır. Özellikle Türkiye gibi enerji tüketimi yoğun olan ve iklim koşulları ülke genelinde sert olan ülkelerde yüksek maliyet kalemlerinden biri olan soğutma/ısıtma sistemlerine ayrılan maliyet önemli bir sorun olarak görülmektedir. Çözüme yönelik sistem seçimlerinde yatırım ve işletme maliyetleri öncelikli ölçüt olmaktadır. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte çelik boruların, kazanların, chiller gruplarının ve vanaların yerini, paket halinde üretilmiş ve içerisinde soğutma çevrimini gerçekleştirerek ısı alan ve tersinir olarak çalışıp ısı veren VRF (değişken soğutucu akışkan akışı) sistemleri almıştır. Bu gelişme ekipmanları koruma altına almayı da kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Marmara bölgesinde yer alan 300 odalı bir otel esas alınarak, Kazan-Chiller-Fancoil sistemi ile VRF sistemi yatırım, yaz-kış işletme ve bakım maliyetleri ele alınarak kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuç olarak VRF sisteminin ilk yatırım maliyeti açısından yaklaşık olarak %16 daha dezavantajlıyken, yaz-kış işletme ve bakım maliyetleri ele alındığında yaklaşık olarak yıllık %14 daha avantajlıdır ve bu sayede bir yıl gibi kısa bir sürede yatırım maliyetini amorti ettiği hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklimlendirme, Kazan-Chiller-Fancoil, Maliyet Analizi, VRF

Etik Beyan

Yazar bu makaleyle ilgili herhangi bir çıkar çatışması olmadığını bildirir. Yazar bu çalışmanın araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olduğunu beyan eder.

Selection and Cost Analysis of Climate Control Systems (VRF-CHILLER BOILER FCU): A Hotel Example

Öz

The impact of the energy consumption of mechanical systems, their associated investment costs, and operating costs on the economy is undeniable. In countries with high energy consumption and harsh climate conditions across the country, such as Turkey, the cost allocated to cooling/heating systems—one of the significant cost items—is a major concern. When selecting systems for solutions, investment and operating costs are the primary criteria. With technological advancements, VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) systems, which perform cooling cycles and operate reversibly to provide heating, have replaced steel pipes, boilers, chiller units, and valves. This development has also facilitated the protection of equipment. In this study, a comparison was made between a Boiler-Chiller-Fancoil system and a VRF system in terms of investment, summer-winter operating, and maintenance costs for a 300-room hotel located in the Marmara region. The results indicate that while the VRF system is approximately 16% more disadvantageous in terms of initial investment costs, it is approximately 14% more advantageous in terms of summer-winter operating and maintenance costs, thus amortizing the investment cost within a short period of about one year.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Control, Boiler-Chiller-Fancoil, Cost Analysis, VRF

Etik Beyan

The authors report no conflict of interest relevant to this article. The authors declare that this study complies with research and publication ethics.

Kaynakça

• Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı. https://www.iea.org
• Atmaca, M. (2010). Binalarda Enerji Performansı Hesaplama Yöntemi İle Otel Binalarının Enerji Performansının Değerlendirilmesi-Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Lombard, L. P., Ortiz, J. ve Pout C. (2008). A review on buildings energy consumption information, Energy and Buildings, 40(3), 394-398.
• Çakmanus, İ. (2004). Enerji Verimli Bina Tasarım Yaklaşımı-Tesisat Mühendisliği Dergisi Sayı:84 S: 20-27.
• Zhao, D., Zhong, M., Zhang, X. Ve Su, X. (2016). Energy consumption predicting model of VRV (Variable refrigerant volume) system in office buildings based on data mining, Energy, 102, 660-668.
• Li, Z., Wang, B., Li, X., Shi, W., Zhang, S. ve Liu, Y. (2017). Simulation of recombined household multi-split variable refrigerant flow system with split-type air conditioners, Appl. Therm. Eng. 117, 343-354.
• Elliott, M. S. And Rasmussen, B. P. (2013). Decentralized model predictive control of a multievaporator air conditioning system, Contr. Eng. Pract., 21(12), 1665-1677.
• Dong, P., Xie, G. ve Ni, M. (2021). Improved energy performance of a PEM fuel cell by introducing discontinuous S-shaped and crescent ribs into flowing channels, Energy, 222, 119920.
• Song, M., Xie, G., Pekar, L., Mao, N. ve Qu, M. (2020). A modeling study on the revere cycle defrosting of an air source heat pump with the melted frost downwards flowing away and local drainage, Energy Build., 226, 110257.
• Wang, J., Lu, X., Adetola, V. and Louie, E. (2024). Modeling Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems in building applications: A comprehensive review, Energy and Buildings, 311, 114-128.
• Chen, W. H., Mo, H. E. ve Teng, T. P. (2018). Performance improvement of a split air conditioner by using an energy saving device. Energy and Buildings, 174, 380-387.
• Afify, R. (2008). Designing VRF Systems. ASHRAE Journal, 52-55.
• Zhao, D., Zhang, X. ve Zhong, M. (2015). Variable evaporating temperature control strategy for VRV system under part load conditions in cooling mode, Energy Build., 91, 180-186.
• Enteria, N., Yamaguchi, H., Miyata, M., Sawachi, T. ve Kuwasawa, Y. (2016). Performance evaluation of the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air-conditioning system subjected to partial and unbalanced thermal loadings, J. Therm. Sci. Technol., 11 (1), JTST0013-JTST0013.
• Qian, M., Yan, D., Hong, T. ve Liu, H. (2021). Operation and performance of VRF systems: Mining a large-scale dataset. Energy and Buildings, 230, 110519.
• Aynur, T. N. (2010). Variable refrigerant flow systems: A review. Energy and Buildings, 42(7), 1106-1112.
• Tu, Q., Zou, D., Deng, C., Zhang J., Hou, L., Yang, M., Nong, G. ve Feng, Y. (2016). Investigation on output capacity control strategy of variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system with multi-compressor, Appl. Therm. Eng., 99, 280-290.
• Matsumoto, K., Ohno, K., Yamaguchi, S. ve Saito, K. (2019). Numerical analysis of control characteristics of variable refrigerant flow heat-pump systems focusing on the effect of expansion valve and indoor fan, Int. J. Refrig., 99, 440-452.
• Lee, J. H., Kim, H. ve Song, Y. H. (2018). A Study on verification of changes in performance of a water-cooled VRF system with control change based on measuring data. Energy and Buildings, 158, 712-720.
• Zhai, Z. J. ve Rivas, J. (2018). Promoting variable refrigerant flow system with a simple design and analysis tool. Journal of Building Engineering, 15, 218-228.
• Zhu, Y., Jin, X., Du, Z., Fan, B. ve Fu, S. (2013). Generic simulation model of multievaporator variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system for control analysis, Int. J. Refrig., 36(6), 1602-1615.
• Fan, G., Ahmadi, A., Ehyaei, M. ve Das, B. (2021). Energy, exergy, economic and exergoenvironmental analyses of polygeneration system integrated gas cycle, absorption chiller, and Copper-Chlorine thermochemical cycle to produce power, cooling, and hydrogen, Energy, 222, 120008.
• Özahi, E., Abuşoğu, A., Kutlar, A. İ. ve Dağcı, O. (2017). A comparative thermodynamic and economic analysis and assessment of a conventional HVAC and a VRF system in a social and cultural center building, Energy Build., 140, 196-209.
• Vaillant-VRF Sistemleri-www.vaillant.com.tr
• Zhang, G., Xiao, H., Wang, B., Li, X., Shi, W. ve Cao, Y. (2019). Review on Recent Developments of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems since 2015, Energy and Buildings.
• Li, Y., Wu, J. ve Shiochi, S. (2009). Modeling and energy simulation of the variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system with water-cooled condenser under cooling conditions, Energy Build., 41(9), 949-957.
• Zhou, Y., Wu, J., Wang, R. ve Shiochi, S. (2007). Energy simulation in the variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning system under cooling conditions. Energy Build., 39(2), 212-220.
• Gilani, H. A., Hoseinzadeh, S., Karimi, H., Karimi, A., Hassanzadeh, A. ve Garcia, D. A. (2021). Performance analysis of integrated solar heat pump VRF system for the low energy building in Mediterranean island. Renewable Energy, 174, 1006-1019.
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.- mitsubishivrf.net
• Sadirvan A.S.- www.vrfankara.com
• Mekonsis Mekanik Kontrol Sistemleri- www.mekonsis.com.tr
• Johnson Controls-Hitachi Air Conditioning Company- www.hitachiaircon.com
• İstanbul Gaz Dağıtım Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi- www.igdas.com.tr
• CK Enerji Boğaziçi Elektrik-www.ckbogazici.com.tr