BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Discussing Ethical Issues in the Classroom: Leveraging Pedagogical Moments That May Otherwise Undermine Important Discussions

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 6 - 26, 01.12.2011

Öz

The authors identify, examine, and clarify three kinds of hindrances (dismissive/evasive tactics, logical stoppers, and ad hominem arguments) to teaching about ethical issues in P-12 schools. In discussing these three types of obstacles, they stress that the barriers themselves provide both challenges and opportunities for teachers. Indeed, they argue that properly understood and utilized the pedagogical impediments to open, educative discussions can be leveraged into superb learning experiences. The authors provide illustrations of how questions may inhibit teaching as well as examples of how teachers may turn them into opportunities for productive educational discussions. In addition, the authors emphasize the importance of teachers being prepared to discuss ethical controversies in teacher preparation programs and through professional development activities and, in turn, preparing for and guiding students to discuss controversial ethical issues. Embedded in their arguments is the claim that a democratic society is partially dependent on teachers for the critique and expansion of democratic values and processes and that educators need to support one another as well as be supported by others in their districts and communities as they pursue their educational responsibilities

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, J. (2007). The structural evolution of morality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bales, K. (2004). Disposable people: New slavery in the global economy (Revised ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Barrow, R. (1991). Utilitarianism: A contemporary statement. Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar Publishing Company.
  • Belenky, M., Clincy, B., Goldberger, N., & Tarule, J. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
  • Bernstein, B. (1990). Class, codes and control: The structuring of pedagogic discourse. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Bhattacharyya, J., Gabriel, J., & Small, S. (2002). Race and power: Global racism in the twenty
  • first century. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Brookfield, S., & Preskill, S. (1999). Discussion as a way of teaching: Tools and techniques for democratic classrooms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Campbell, K., & Huxman, S. (2009). The rhetorical act, thinking, speaking, and writing critically (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Cambron-McCabe, N., McCarthy, M., & Thomas, S. (2009). Legal rights of teachers and students (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Camus, A. (1995). Resistance, rebellion, and death. (J. O’Brien, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books.
  • Center for Faculty Excellence (2004). Teaching Controversial Issues. For your consideration . . . suggestions and reflections on teaching and learning (CFC, No.21). Retrieved March, 6, 2010, from http://cfe.unc.edu/pdfs/FYC21.pdf
  • Claire, H., & Holden, C. (Eds.). (2007). The challenge of teaching controversial issues. Stroke on Trent: Trentham Books.
  • Cohen, S. (1988). How to be a fallibilist. Philosophical Perspectives, 2, 91–123.
  • Coles, R. (2000). The moral life of children. New York: Grove/Atlantic.
  • Delgado, R. (Ed.). (1995). Critical race theory: The cutting edge. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: The Free Press.
  • Dewey, J. (1922). Human nature and conduct: An introduction to social psychology. New York: Modern Library.
  • Dewey, J. (1929). The quest for certainty. New York: Minton, Balch and Co.
  • Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York: Touchstone.
  • Dewey, J. (1948). Reconstruction in philosophy (Enlarged ed.). Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Dewey, J., & Tufts, J. (1932). Ethics (Revised ed.). New York: Holt.
  • Dostoyevsky, D. (1982). The brothers Karamazov. (D. Magarshack, Trans.). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd.
  • Essex, N. (2006). A teacher’s pocket guide to school law. Boston: Pearson.
  • Ennis, R. (1969). Logic in teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Eryaman, M. (2006). A hermeneutic approach towards integrating technology into schools: Policy and practice. In S. Tettegah & R. Hunter (Eds.), Technology: Issues in administration, policy, and applications in K-12 schools (pp. 149- 167). Elsevier Science Publications.
  • Eryaman, M. (2007). From reflective practice to practical wisdom: Towards a post- foundational teacher education. International Journal of Progressive Education, 3 (1), 1-23.
  • Fisher, L., Schimmel, D., & Kelly, C. (1999). Teachers and the law. New York: Longman.
  • Forrest, M. (2009). Sensitive controversy in teaching to be critical. Paideusis, 18(1), 80-93.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. New York: Vintage.
  • Freedom Writers, The, with Gruwell, E. (1999). The freedom writers diary. New York: Broadway Books.
  • Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy, and civic courage. (P. Clarke, Trans.). New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  • Freire, P. (2003). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). (M. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Continuum.
  • Freire, P. (2005). Teachers as cultural workers (Expanded ed.). (D. Macedo, D. Koike, & A. Oliveria, Trans.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Gay, G. (2000). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, & practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Green, J. (1999). Deep democracy: Community, diversity, and transformation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  • Gribble, J. (1969). Introduction to philosophy of education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
  • Hall, N. (2008). Causation. In F. Jackson & M. Smith (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy (pp. 505–533). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hare, W. (1979). Open-mindedness and education. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.
  • Hare, W. (1993). Attitudes in teaching and education. Calgary, AB: Detselig Enterprises, Ltd.
  • Hare, W. (2009). What open-mindedness requires. Skeptical Inquirer, 33(1), 36-39.
  • Hess, D. (2009). Controversy in the classroom: The democratic power of discussion. New York: Routledge.
  • Holmes, R. (2003). Basic moral philosophy (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
  • Hurston, Z. (1978). Their eyes were watching God. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Jones, E. (2003). The known world. New York: Amistad.
  • Kincheloe. J. (2005). Critical constructivism primer. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Kozol, J. (2005). The shame of the nation. New York: Crown Publishers.
  • Kozol, J. (2007). Letters to a young teacher. New York: Crown Publishers.
  • Magrini, J. (2009). How the conception of knowledge influences our educational practices: Toward a philosophical understanding of epistemology in education.Philosophy Scholarship. Paper 13. http://dc.cod.edu/philosophypub/13
  • Mah, A. (1997). Falling leaves: The memoir of an unwanted Chinese daughter. New York: Broadway Books.
  • McInerney. J. (2006). The good life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • McLaren, P. & Farahmandpur, R. (2006). The pedagogy of oppression: A brief look at No Child Left Behind. Monthly Review, 58(3), 94-99.
  • McLaren, P. (2010). Afterwords. Educational Theory, 60 (3), 391-393.
  • Mill, J. (2004). On liberty. New York: Barnes & Noble.
  • Moore, R. (2005). Education and society: Issues and explanations in the sociology of education. London: Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Morrison, T. (1982). Tar baby. New York: A Plume Book.
  • Morrison, T. (1987). Beloved. New York: A Plume Book.
  • Nafisi, N. (2004). Reading Lolita in Tehran: A memoir in books. New York: Random House.
  • Nelson, J., Palonsky, S. & McCarthy, M. (2009). Critical issues in education: Dialogues and dialectics (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Nieto, S. (2000). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education (3 ed.). New York: Longman.
  • rd ed.). New York: Longman.
  • Noddings, N. (1991). Stories in dialogue: Caring and interpersonal reasoning. In C. Witherell & N. Noddings (Eds.), Stories lives tell: Narrative and dialogue in education (pp. 157-170). New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1992). The challenge to care in schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1993). Educating for intelligent belief or unbelief. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Norris, S. (1992). The generalizability of critical thinking. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Oakeshott, M. (1991). Moral consciousness and communicative action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2005). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life (2nd ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Paz, O. (1985). The labyrinth of solitude. (L. Kemp, Y. Milos, & R. Belash, Trans.). New York: Grove Press.
  • Peters, R. (1970). Ethics and education. London: George Allen and Unwin.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Character strengths and virtues. Washington, D.C.: Oxford University Press.
  • Pinker, S. (2008, January 13). The moral instinct. The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/magazine/13Psychology-t.html
  • Schon, D. (1983). How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.
  • Scott, C. (2009). Epistemological multilingualism: A tool for conviviality. Paideusis, 18(2), 43-54.
  • Schwandt, T. (2002). Evaluation as practical hermeneutics. In T.A. Schwandt (Ed.), Evaluation practices revisited (pp. 59-74). New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • Shermer, M. (1997). Why people believe weird things: Pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
  • Siegel, H. (2007). What is freedom of speech in teaching? In W. Hare & J. Portelli (Eds.),Key questions for educators. San Francisco, CA: Caddo Gap Press.
  • Simpson, D. (2010). The high stakes of artificial dialogue in teacher education. Teacher Education & Practice, 22 (4), 478-481.
  • Simpson, D., Jackson, M., & Aycock, J. (2005). John Dewey and the art of teaching: Toward reflective and imaginative practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Stadler, D. (2007). Law and ethics in educational leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall.
  • Stone, D., Patton, B., & Heen, S. (1999). Difficult conversations: How to discuss what matters most. New York: Viking.
  • Vogt, W. (1997). Tolerance & education: Learning to live with diversity and difference. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Vokey, D. (2010). Border crossings: Dialogue across and within fields and traditions. Paideusis, 19(1), 69-76.
  • Wagner, P., & Simpson, D. (2009). Ethical decision making in school administration: Leadership as moral architecture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Walls, J. (2005). The glass castle: A memoir. New York: Scribner.
  • Wegner, J. (2006). Difficult dialogues initiative discussion guide: Promoting pluralism and academic freedom on campus. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  • Weiss, D. (2009). Holder says US is ‘Nation of Cowards’ in racial discussions. Retrieved http://abajournal.com/news/holder_says_us_is_nation_of_cowards_in_racial_ discussions
  • West, C. (1993). Race matters. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • West, C. (2004). Democracy matters: Winning the fight against imperialism. New York: The Penguin Press.
  • Williams, J. (1994). Classroom in conflict: Teaching controversial subjects in a diverse society. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Wong, D. (2006). Natural moralities: A defense of pluralistic relativism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Yıl 2011, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 6 - 26, 01.12.2011

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, J. (2007). The structural evolution of morality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bales, K. (2004). Disposable people: New slavery in the global economy (Revised ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Barrow, R. (1991). Utilitarianism: A contemporary statement. Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar Publishing Company.
  • Belenky, M., Clincy, B., Goldberger, N., & Tarule, J. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
  • Bernstein, B. (1990). Class, codes and control: The structuring of pedagogic discourse. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Bhattacharyya, J., Gabriel, J., & Small, S. (2002). Race and power: Global racism in the twenty
  • first century. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Brookfield, S., & Preskill, S. (1999). Discussion as a way of teaching: Tools and techniques for democratic classrooms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Campbell, K., & Huxman, S. (2009). The rhetorical act, thinking, speaking, and writing critically (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Cambron-McCabe, N., McCarthy, M., & Thomas, S. (2009). Legal rights of teachers and students (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Camus, A. (1995). Resistance, rebellion, and death. (J. O’Brien, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books.
  • Center for Faculty Excellence (2004). Teaching Controversial Issues. For your consideration . . . suggestions and reflections on teaching and learning (CFC, No.21). Retrieved March, 6, 2010, from http://cfe.unc.edu/pdfs/FYC21.pdf
  • Claire, H., & Holden, C. (Eds.). (2007). The challenge of teaching controversial issues. Stroke on Trent: Trentham Books.
  • Cohen, S. (1988). How to be a fallibilist. Philosophical Perspectives, 2, 91–123.
  • Coles, R. (2000). The moral life of children. New York: Grove/Atlantic.
  • Delgado, R. (Ed.). (1995). Critical race theory: The cutting edge. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: The Free Press.
  • Dewey, J. (1922). Human nature and conduct: An introduction to social psychology. New York: Modern Library.
  • Dewey, J. (1929). The quest for certainty. New York: Minton, Balch and Co.
  • Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York: Touchstone.
  • Dewey, J. (1948). Reconstruction in philosophy (Enlarged ed.). Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Dewey, J., & Tufts, J. (1932). Ethics (Revised ed.). New York: Holt.
  • Dostoyevsky, D. (1982). The brothers Karamazov. (D. Magarshack, Trans.). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd.
  • Essex, N. (2006). A teacher’s pocket guide to school law. Boston: Pearson.
  • Ennis, R. (1969). Logic in teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Eryaman, M. (2006). A hermeneutic approach towards integrating technology into schools: Policy and practice. In S. Tettegah & R. Hunter (Eds.), Technology: Issues in administration, policy, and applications in K-12 schools (pp. 149- 167). Elsevier Science Publications.
  • Eryaman, M. (2007). From reflective practice to practical wisdom: Towards a post- foundational teacher education. International Journal of Progressive Education, 3 (1), 1-23.
  • Fisher, L., Schimmel, D., & Kelly, C. (1999). Teachers and the law. New York: Longman.
  • Forrest, M. (2009). Sensitive controversy in teaching to be critical. Paideusis, 18(1), 80-93.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. New York: Vintage.
  • Freedom Writers, The, with Gruwell, E. (1999). The freedom writers diary. New York: Broadway Books.
  • Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy, and civic courage. (P. Clarke, Trans.). New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  • Freire, P. (2003). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). (M. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Continuum.
  • Freire, P. (2005). Teachers as cultural workers (Expanded ed.). (D. Macedo, D. Koike, & A. Oliveria, Trans.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Gay, G. (2000). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, & practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Green, J. (1999). Deep democracy: Community, diversity, and transformation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  • Gribble, J. (1969). Introduction to philosophy of education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
  • Hall, N. (2008). Causation. In F. Jackson & M. Smith (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy (pp. 505–533). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hare, W. (1979). Open-mindedness and education. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.
  • Hare, W. (1993). Attitudes in teaching and education. Calgary, AB: Detselig Enterprises, Ltd.
  • Hare, W. (2009). What open-mindedness requires. Skeptical Inquirer, 33(1), 36-39.
  • Hess, D. (2009). Controversy in the classroom: The democratic power of discussion. New York: Routledge.
  • Holmes, R. (2003). Basic moral philosophy (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
  • Hurston, Z. (1978). Their eyes were watching God. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Jones, E. (2003). The known world. New York: Amistad.
  • Kincheloe. J. (2005). Critical constructivism primer. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Kozol, J. (2005). The shame of the nation. New York: Crown Publishers.
  • Kozol, J. (2007). Letters to a young teacher. New York: Crown Publishers.
  • Magrini, J. (2009). How the conception of knowledge influences our educational practices: Toward a philosophical understanding of epistemology in education.Philosophy Scholarship. Paper 13. http://dc.cod.edu/philosophypub/13
  • Mah, A. (1997). Falling leaves: The memoir of an unwanted Chinese daughter. New York: Broadway Books.
  • McInerney. J. (2006). The good life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • McLaren, P. & Farahmandpur, R. (2006). The pedagogy of oppression: A brief look at No Child Left Behind. Monthly Review, 58(3), 94-99.
  • McLaren, P. (2010). Afterwords. Educational Theory, 60 (3), 391-393.
  • Mill, J. (2004). On liberty. New York: Barnes & Noble.
  • Moore, R. (2005). Education and society: Issues and explanations in the sociology of education. London: Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Morrison, T. (1982). Tar baby. New York: A Plume Book.
  • Morrison, T. (1987). Beloved. New York: A Plume Book.
  • Nafisi, N. (2004). Reading Lolita in Tehran: A memoir in books. New York: Random House.
  • Nelson, J., Palonsky, S. & McCarthy, M. (2009). Critical issues in education: Dialogues and dialectics (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Nieto, S. (2000). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education (3 ed.). New York: Longman.
  • rd ed.). New York: Longman.
  • Noddings, N. (1991). Stories in dialogue: Caring and interpersonal reasoning. In C. Witherell & N. Noddings (Eds.), Stories lives tell: Narrative and dialogue in education (pp. 157-170). New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1992). The challenge to care in schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Noddings, N. (1993). Educating for intelligent belief or unbelief. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Norris, S. (1992). The generalizability of critical thinking. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Oakeshott, M. (1991). Moral consciousness and communicative action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2005). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life (2nd ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Paz, O. (1985). The labyrinth of solitude. (L. Kemp, Y. Milos, & R. Belash, Trans.). New York: Grove Press.
  • Peters, R. (1970). Ethics and education. London: George Allen and Unwin.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Character strengths and virtues. Washington, D.C.: Oxford University Press.
  • Pinker, S. (2008, January 13). The moral instinct. The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/magazine/13Psychology-t.html
  • Schon, D. (1983). How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.
  • Scott, C. (2009). Epistemological multilingualism: A tool for conviviality. Paideusis, 18(2), 43-54.
  • Schwandt, T. (2002). Evaluation as practical hermeneutics. In T.A. Schwandt (Ed.), Evaluation practices revisited (pp. 59-74). New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • Shermer, M. (1997). Why people believe weird things: Pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
  • Siegel, H. (2007). What is freedom of speech in teaching? In W. Hare & J. Portelli (Eds.),Key questions for educators. San Francisco, CA: Caddo Gap Press.
  • Simpson, D. (2010). The high stakes of artificial dialogue in teacher education. Teacher Education & Practice, 22 (4), 478-481.
  • Simpson, D., Jackson, M., & Aycock, J. (2005). John Dewey and the art of teaching: Toward reflective and imaginative practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Stadler, D. (2007). Law and ethics in educational leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall.
  • Stone, D., Patton, B., & Heen, S. (1999). Difficult conversations: How to discuss what matters most. New York: Viking.
  • Vogt, W. (1997). Tolerance & education: Learning to live with diversity and difference. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Vokey, D. (2010). Border crossings: Dialogue across and within fields and traditions. Paideusis, 19(1), 69-76.
  • Wagner, P., & Simpson, D. (2009). Ethical decision making in school administration: Leadership as moral architecture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Walls, J. (2005). The glass castle: A memoir. New York: Scribner.
  • Wegner, J. (2006). Difficult dialogues initiative discussion guide: Promoting pluralism and academic freedom on campus. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  • Weiss, D. (2009). Holder says US is ‘Nation of Cowards’ in racial discussions. Retrieved http://abajournal.com/news/holder_says_us_is_nation_of_cowards_in_racial_ discussions
  • West, C. (1993). Race matters. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • West, C. (2004). Democracy matters: Winning the fight against imperialism. New York: The Penguin Press.
  • Williams, J. (1994). Classroom in conflict: Teaching controversial subjects in a diverse society. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Wong, D. (2006). Natural moralities: A defense of pluralistic relativism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA49VE69TS
Bölüm Makaleler
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Discussing Ethical Issues in the Classroom: Leveraging Pedagogical Moments That May Otherwise Undermine Important Discussions. (2011). International Journal Of Progressive Education, 7(3), 6-26.