The Shift in the Energy Policy of Greece after the 2008 Financial Crisis in the Context of Energy Security

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 82 - 101, 01.05.2021

Murat Necip Arman , Zeynep Paralı , Selahattin Çiftçi , Çağdaş Cengiz

Öz

Energy, which plays an important role for the prosperity and development of the states, has also become one of the strategic tools of the states in the international conjuncture. In the short term, energy policies include safely accession of the energy resources to international markets, energy supply and pricing issues. On the other hand; in the long term, it includes the development practices and policies of the states. In this context, exploration of natural energy resources, produce and delivery to the consumers have always been one of the main problems in International Relations. Considering states’ foreign policies, all the states give an importance to having natural energy resources, producing the energy on their own and controlling energy routes. So, energy security is one of the main issues which shape the foreign policies of states at national and global levels. At this point, Greece started to produce new energy policies in order to revive her economy. Especially since 2000s, Greece has started to apply policies to reduce her dependence on oil. Also, the emphasis on the Greece’s geographical location for the energy security and discourse of being a bridge country in Europe has increased recently. In this study, Greece’s efforts about maritime jurisdiction will be analyzed in the context of energy security. The policy of being a bridge country in Europe which was developed by Greece is evaluated as a realistic policy but this policy causes rivalry with Turkey in the region. We argue that this rivalry could cause security dilemma for both states.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Greece , Energy Security , Bridge Country , Maritime Jurisdiction, , Eastern Mediterranaen

The Shift in the Energy Policy of Greece after the 2008 Financial Crisis in Context of Energy Security

Öz

Energy, which plays an important role in the prosperity and development of the states, has also become one of the strategic tools of the states in the international conjuncture. In the short term, energy policies include safe accession of the energy resources to international markets, energy supply, and pricing issues. On the other hand; in the long term, it includes the development practices and policies of the states. In this context, exploration of natural energy resources, production, and delivery to the consumers have always been one of the main problems in International Relations. Considering states’ foreign policies, all the states give importance to having natural energy resources, producing the energy on their own, and controlling energy routes. So, energy security is one of the main issues which shape the foreign policies of states at national and global levels. At this point, Greece started to produce new energy policies in order to revive its economy. Especially since the 2000s, Greece has started to apply policies to reduce its dependence on oil. Also, the emphasis on Greece’s geographical location for the energy security and discourse of being a bridge country in Europe has increased recently. In this study, Greece’s efforts about maritime jurisdiction will be analyzed in the context of energy security. The policy of being a bridge country in Europe which was developed by Greece is evaluated as a realistic policy but this policy causes rivalry with Turkey in the region. We argue that this rivalry could cause a security dilemma for both states.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy Security , Bridge Country , Maritime Jurisdiction , Eastern Mediterranean , Grece

Kaynakça

• 1. ARI, Tayyar, (1992), “Kıta Sahanlığı Sorunu ve Türk Yunan İlişkileri”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 13, Sayı 1-2, ss. 167-184.
• 2. Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre (APERC), (2007), Quest for Energy Security in the 21st Century: Resources and Constraints, https://aperc.or.jp/file/2010/9/26/APERC_2007_A_Quest_for_Energy_Security.pdf, (E.T: 27.05.2020).
• 3. BAŞARAN, Ali, (2019), “Moskova Büyükelçiliği Basın Müşavirliği Haber-Yorum Koleksiyonuna Göre Karadeniz Yüzeyinden ve Dibinden Petrol ve Doğal Gaz Nakli, 2000-2010”, Asya Araştırmaları Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:3, Sayı:2, ss. 253-282.
• 4. Burgaz-Dedeağaç Petrol Boru Hattı, https://www.novinite.com/articles/137911/Russia+Determined+to+Build+Trans-Balkan+Pipe,+Cut+Costs, (E.T:28.05.2020).
• 5. BUZAN Barry, (1991), People, States, Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Pub, Colchester.
• 6. Çevre, Enerji ve İklim Bakanlığı (YKEPA), “Çevre ve Enerji”, http://www.ypeka.gr/elgr/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF, (28.05.2020).
• 7. Energy Policies of IEA Countries, Greece Rewiew, 2017, https://webstore.iea.org/download/direct/270fileName=EnergyPoliciesofIEACountriesGreeceReview2017.pdf, (E.T: 28.05.2020).
• 8. Green Paper, “A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy”, Commission of the European Communities, 2006, https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52006DC0105&from=EN, (E.T:29.05.2020).
• 9. HALL, Charles A.S. ve KLITGAARD, Kent, Energy and the Wealth of Nations: An Introduction to Biophysical Economics, Springer, 2018.
• 10. International Energy Security: Common Concept for Energy Producing, Consuming and Transit Countries, Energy Charter Secretariat, (2015), https://www.energycharter.org/fileadmin/DocumentsMedia/Thematic/International_Energy_Security_2015_en.pdf, (E.T: 27.05.2020).
• 11. KIRLIDÖKME, Utku, (2014), “Enerji Köprüsü Ülke Olma Yolunda Yunanistan’ın Politikası”, Bilge Adamlar Stratejik Araştırma Merkezi, cilt:2, SS.840-854.
• 12. MICHAELIDES, Efstathios E. (Stathis), Alternative Energy Sources, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
• 13. MORGENTHAU, Hans J. (1948). Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
• 14. ÖZEKİN, Muhammed Kürşad, (2020). “Doğu Akdeniz’de Değişen Enerji Jeopolitiği ve Türkiye”, Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, Cilt.16, Sayı.33, ss.1-53.
• 15. Petroleum Marketing Monthly: June 2020, U.S. Energy Information Administration, https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/marketing/monthly/pdf/pmmall.pdf (20.06.2020).
• 16. PODESTA, John ve OGDEN, Peter. (2008). “A Blueprint for Energy Security”, (ed.) Kurt M. Campbell ve Jonathon Price, The Global Politics of Energy, Aspen Institute, Washington, ss. 224-239.
• 17. Public Power Corparation S.A. , 2010, Financial Report, http://www.dei.gr/Images/ENG%20REPORT%202010%20FINAL.pdf, (28.05.2020).
• 18. ROSKIN Michael G., (2011), Çağdaş Devlet Sistemleri: Siyaset, Coğrafya, Kültür (çev.) Bahattin Seçilmişoğlu, Adres Yayınları, Ankara.
• 19. ŞEKER, Burak Şakir, (2019), “Doğu Akdeniz’de Enerji Güvenliği Ekseni: Yunanistan- GKRY’nin Muhtemel Politikalarının Analizi ve Türkiye’nin Tutumu”, (ed.) Deniz Güler, Ahmet Yıldız, İzgi Savaş, Yeni Deniz Güvenliği Ekosistemi ve Doğu Akdeniz, Tasam Yayınları, İstanbul.
• 19. T.C Dışişleri Bakanlığı, “Yunanistan’ın Ekonomisi”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/yunanistan-ekonomisi.tr.mfa, (E.T:28.05.2020).
• 20. T.C Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı, 2014, https://www.enerji.gov.tr/File/path=ROOT%2f1%2fDocuments%2fE%c4%b0GM+Periyodik+Rapor%2fD%c3%9cNYA+ENERJ%c4%b0+G%c3%96R%c3%9cN%c3%9cM%c3%9c+111.pdf, (E.T: 27.05.2020).
• 21. T.C Ticaret Bakanlığı, “Yunanistan’da Günlük Rüzgar Enerjisi Üretimi”, https://ticaret.gov.tr/blog/ulkelerden-ticari-haberler/yunanistan/yunanistanda-gunluk-ruzgar-enerjisi-uretimi, (E.T: 28.05.2020).
• 22. T.C Ticaret Bakanlığı, Yunanistan'da Enerji Yatırımları 2030'a kadar 32 Milyar Avroya Ulaşacak, https://ticaret.gov.tr/blog/ulkelerden-ticari-haberler/yunanistan/yunanistanda-enerji-yatirimlari-2030a-kadar-32-milyar-avroya-ulasacak, (E.T: 28.05.2020).
• 23. VIOTTI, Paul R., KAUPPI, Mark V. (2016), Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri, (çev.) Metin Aksoy, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• 24. YAYCI, Cihat, (2012), “Doğu Akdeniz’de Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Paylaşılması Sorunu ve Türkiye”. Bilge Strateji, Cilt: 4, Sayı:6, ss:1-70.
• 25. YORULMAZ, Recep, (2019). “Sıcak Gündem: Doğu Akdeniz”, Ortadoğu Analiz Dergisi, Cilt:10, Sayı:88, ss: 80-83.
• 26. YÜCEL, Serhan (2010). “Ege’de Bitmeyen Sorunun Bir Unsuru Olarak Türk Ve Yunan Karasuları Ve Ulusal Hava Sahaları”, Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, Cilt. 6, Sayı: 12, ss. 83-101.