Kampüs Rekreasyonu: Serbest Zaman Engelleri ve İlgilenimi Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 65 - 75, 31.12.2020
Meliha Sevıc
,
Ersin Eskiler
Öz
Çalışma, Sakarya Üniversitesi Sağlık, Kültür ve Spor Dairesi Başkanlığı tarafından farklı branşlarda düzenlenen kampüs rekreasyon etkinliklerine katılan bireylerin etkinliklere katılımlarında engel oluşturabilecek faktörler ile onların serbest zaman ilgilenim düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi ve değişkenler açısından katılımcılar arasındaki farklılıkları tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden, alan araştırması yöntemi ve genel tarama modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 152 erkek (X̄yaş=23.76±5.74) ve 78 kadın (X̄yaş=22.80±5.10), toplamda 230 kişi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, katılımcıların serbest zaman engellerini belirlemek için Serbest Zaman Engelleri Ölçeği (SZEÖ), ilgilenim düzeylerini belirmeye yönelik Serbest Zaman İlgilenim Ölçeği (SZİÖ) ve son bölümde ise demografik özellikleri belirlemeye yönelik sorulardan oluşan bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Yüz yüze anket tekniğiyle elde edilen verilerin analizinde, değişkenler arasında farklılıkları ortaya koymak amacıyla bağımsız gruplar t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi amacıyla korelasyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Bulgular SZİÖ’nin alt boyutlarından önem verme ve kendini ifade boyutları ile SZEÖ’nin alt boyutlarında arkadaş eksikliği alt boyutu arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlgili bulgular ışığında, engellerin ortadan kaldırılması veya minimuma indirilmesi bireylerin faaliyetlere katılım sıklığını ve ilgilenim düzeylerini arttıracağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Üniversitenin bireylere kampüs yaşamı içerisinde onların ilgilenim düzeylerini yükseltecek ve katılama engel teşkil eden faktörleri ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik uygulamalar yapması ve bireylerin serbest zamanlarını verimli biçimde değerlendirmelerine imkan sağlaması gerektiği ifade edilebilir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Sakarya Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi Komisyon Başkanlığı
Proje Numarası
2018-70-01-002
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmanın maddi açıdan desteklenmesine olanak sağlayan Sakarya Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi (BAP) Komisyon Başkanlığına (Proje No: 2018-70-01-002) teşekkür ederim.
Kaynakça
- Alexandris, K. & Carroll, B. (1997). Demographic differences in the perception of constraints on recreational sport participation: results from a study in Greece. Leisure Studies, 16, 107-125.
- Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı, Sakarya: Sakarya Kitabevi.
- Aydin, İ. & Yaşartürk, F. (2017). The state of the fitness participants’ levels of motivation towards recreational activities according to various demographic features. IntJCSS, 3(2), 142-152.
- Balcı, V. (2003). Investigation of university students' participation in leisure activities in Ankara. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 158.
- Brey, E. T. & Lehto, X. Y. (2007). The relationship between daily and vacation activities. Annals of Tourism Research, 3, 160–180.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Chang, H. H. (2016). Gender differences in leisure involvement and flow experience in professional extreme sport activities. World Leisure Journal, 59(2), 124-139.
- Dhurup, M. (2012), Perceived constraints to leisure-time activity among the elderly. Sajrsper, 34(1), 57-74.
- Eskiler, E. & Karataş, G. (2017). An examination of the relationship between leisure time involvement and behavioral intentions in students’ of Sakarya University. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Science, 7(3), 10-24.
- Gürbüz, B. & Karaküçük, S. (2007). Leisure constraints scale-28: scale development, validity and reliability study. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 12(1), 3-10.
- Gürbüz, B., Öncü, E. & Emir, E. (2012). Leisure constraints questionnaire: Testing the construct validity. 12th International Sports Sciences Congress, 339-343.
- Gürbüz, B., Çimen, Z. & Aydın, İ. (2015). Leisure involvement scale: validity and reliability study of Turkish form. Spormetre, 16(4), 256-265.
- Hardin, M. & Greer, J. D. (2009). The influence of gender-role socialization, media use and sports participation on perceptions of gender-appropriate sports. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 32(2), 207-226.
- Havitz, M. E. & Howard, D. R. (1995). How enduring is enduring involvement? A seasonal examination of three recreational activities. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(3), 255-276.
- Havitz, M. E. & Mannell, R. C. (2005). Enduring involvement, situational involvement, and flow in leisure and non-leisure activities. Journal of Leisure Research, (37)2, 152-177.
- Hazar, A. (2003), Rekreasyon ve Animasyon, 2.Bs., Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Henderson, K. A. (1995), Women’s leisure: more truththan facts, World Leisure and Recreation, 37(1), 9-13.
- Hudson, S. (2000). The segmentation of potential tourists: constraint differences between men and women. Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 363-368.
- Jackson, E. L. & Henderson, K. (1995). Gender-based analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17, 31-51.
- Karaküçük, S. (1997). Rekreasyon, 2. Bs., Ankara: Seran Ofset.
- Kerstetter, D.L. & Kovich, G. M. (1997). An involvement profile of division I women’s basketball spectators. Journal of Sport Management, 2, 234-249.
- Konter, E. (2013). Eylemde bulunan bir varlık olarak i̇nsan neden oynar?, İzmir: Bassaray Matbaası.
- Kyle, G., Absher, J., Norman, W., Hammitt, W. & Jodice, L. (2007). A modified involvement scale. Leisure studies, 26(4), 399-427.
- Laurent, G. & Kapferer, J. (1985). Measuring consumer involvement profiles. Journal of Marketing Research, 22(1), 41-53.
- Misra, R. & Mckean, M. (2000). College students’ academic stress and i̇ts relation to their anxiety, time management and leisure satisfaction. American Journal of Health Studies, 16, 41-52.
- Mitchell, A. A. (1979). Involvement: A potentially important mediator of consumer behavior. (WL Wilkie, AAbor, Ed.) Advances in Consumer Research Volume 06, Association for Consumer Research, 191-196.
- Moccia, F. D. (2000). Plannigtime: An emergent European practice. European Plannig Studies, 8(3), 367-376.
- Öcal, K. (2012). Developing a scale: Leisure time physical activity constraints (LTPA-C). Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 23, 50-60.
- Pala, F. & Dinç, S.C. (2013). Kamu kurumlarında görev yapan personelin serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılımını engelleyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. 2. Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kongresi, Aydın, Turkey, 632-637.
- Peter, J. P. (1979). Reliability: A review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices. Journal of marketing research, 16(1), 6-17.
- Shaw, S. (1994). Gender, leisure and constraints: towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure, Journal of Leisure Research. 26, 8-22.
- Wiley, C. G. E., Shaw S. M. & Havitz M. E. (2000). Men's and women's involvement in sports: an examination of the gendered aspects of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 22(1), 19-31.
- Yau, M. K. S. & Packer, T. L. (2002). Health and well-being through T’ai Chi: perceptions of older adults in Hong Kong. Leisure Studies, 21(2), 163-178.
- Yetim G. (2014). The effect of leisure involvement on leisure satisfaction and loyalty: a study on fitness centers in Eskişehir. Master Thesis, Anadolu University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Eskişehir.
Campus Recreation: Investigating the Relationship between Leisure Constraints and Involvement
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 65 - 75, 31.12.2020
Meliha Sevıc
,
Ersin Eskiler
Öz
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the factors that may prevent individuals participating in campus recreation activities organized in different branches by the Sakarya University Directorate of Health, Culture and Sport, their leisure involvement levels and the differences between the participants in terms of variables. In the study, field research method and general survey model as the quantitative research methods were used. A total of 230 volunteers, 152 males (X̄age=23.76±5.74) and 78 females (X̄age=22.80±5.10) participated in the study. The Leisure Constraints Scale (LCS) to determine the leisure time barriers of the participants, The Leisure Involvement Scale (LIS) to determine their level of interest, and a questionnaire form to determine demographic characteristics in the last section were used as data collection tools in the study. Independent simple t-test and one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) were used for the analysis of the data obtained by face-to-face questionnaire technique in order to reveal the differences between variables. The correlation analysis was used to reveal the relationships between variables. Findings revealed a low level positive significant relationship between the sub-dimensions of centrality and identity expression of LIS, and the Lack of partners sub-dimensions of LCS. Consequently, the removal or minimization of the constraints can increase the frequency and involvement levels of individuals in activities. Our result suggest that the university could make practices to increase the level of involvement of individuals in campus life and eliminate the factors that prevent participation and enable individuals to spend efficiently their leisure times.
Proje Numarası
2018-70-01-002
Kaynakça
- Alexandris, K. & Carroll, B. (1997). Demographic differences in the perception of constraints on recreational sport participation: results from a study in Greece. Leisure Studies, 16, 107-125.
- Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı, Sakarya: Sakarya Kitabevi.
- Aydin, İ. & Yaşartürk, F. (2017). The state of the fitness participants’ levels of motivation towards recreational activities according to various demographic features. IntJCSS, 3(2), 142-152.
- Balcı, V. (2003). Investigation of university students' participation in leisure activities in Ankara. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 158.
- Brey, E. T. & Lehto, X. Y. (2007). The relationship between daily and vacation activities. Annals of Tourism Research, 3, 160–180.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Chang, H. H. (2016). Gender differences in leisure involvement and flow experience in professional extreme sport activities. World Leisure Journal, 59(2), 124-139.
- Dhurup, M. (2012), Perceived constraints to leisure-time activity among the elderly. Sajrsper, 34(1), 57-74.
- Eskiler, E. & Karataş, G. (2017). An examination of the relationship between leisure time involvement and behavioral intentions in students’ of Sakarya University. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Science, 7(3), 10-24.
- Gürbüz, B. & Karaküçük, S. (2007). Leisure constraints scale-28: scale development, validity and reliability study. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 12(1), 3-10.
- Gürbüz, B., Öncü, E. & Emir, E. (2012). Leisure constraints questionnaire: Testing the construct validity. 12th International Sports Sciences Congress, 339-343.
- Gürbüz, B., Çimen, Z. & Aydın, İ. (2015). Leisure involvement scale: validity and reliability study of Turkish form. Spormetre, 16(4), 256-265.
- Hardin, M. & Greer, J. D. (2009). The influence of gender-role socialization, media use and sports participation on perceptions of gender-appropriate sports. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 32(2), 207-226.
- Havitz, M. E. & Howard, D. R. (1995). How enduring is enduring involvement? A seasonal examination of three recreational activities. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(3), 255-276.
- Havitz, M. E. & Mannell, R. C. (2005). Enduring involvement, situational involvement, and flow in leisure and non-leisure activities. Journal of Leisure Research, (37)2, 152-177.
- Hazar, A. (2003), Rekreasyon ve Animasyon, 2.Bs., Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Henderson, K. A. (1995), Women’s leisure: more truththan facts, World Leisure and Recreation, 37(1), 9-13.
- Hudson, S. (2000). The segmentation of potential tourists: constraint differences between men and women. Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 363-368.
- Jackson, E. L. & Henderson, K. (1995). Gender-based analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17, 31-51.
- Karaküçük, S. (1997). Rekreasyon, 2. Bs., Ankara: Seran Ofset.
- Kerstetter, D.L. & Kovich, G. M. (1997). An involvement profile of division I women’s basketball spectators. Journal of Sport Management, 2, 234-249.
- Konter, E. (2013). Eylemde bulunan bir varlık olarak i̇nsan neden oynar?, İzmir: Bassaray Matbaası.
- Kyle, G., Absher, J., Norman, W., Hammitt, W. & Jodice, L. (2007). A modified involvement scale. Leisure studies, 26(4), 399-427.
- Laurent, G. & Kapferer, J. (1985). Measuring consumer involvement profiles. Journal of Marketing Research, 22(1), 41-53.
- Misra, R. & Mckean, M. (2000). College students’ academic stress and i̇ts relation to their anxiety, time management and leisure satisfaction. American Journal of Health Studies, 16, 41-52.
- Mitchell, A. A. (1979). Involvement: A potentially important mediator of consumer behavior. (WL Wilkie, AAbor, Ed.) Advances in Consumer Research Volume 06, Association for Consumer Research, 191-196.
- Moccia, F. D. (2000). Plannigtime: An emergent European practice. European Plannig Studies, 8(3), 367-376.
- Öcal, K. (2012). Developing a scale: Leisure time physical activity constraints (LTPA-C). Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 23, 50-60.
- Pala, F. & Dinç, S.C. (2013). Kamu kurumlarında görev yapan personelin serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılımını engelleyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. 2. Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kongresi, Aydın, Turkey, 632-637.
- Peter, J. P. (1979). Reliability: A review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices. Journal of marketing research, 16(1), 6-17.
- Shaw, S. (1994). Gender, leisure and constraints: towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure, Journal of Leisure Research. 26, 8-22.
- Wiley, C. G. E., Shaw S. M. & Havitz M. E. (2000). Men's and women's involvement in sports: an examination of the gendered aspects of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 22(1), 19-31.
- Yau, M. K. S. & Packer, T. L. (2002). Health and well-being through T’ai Chi: perceptions of older adults in Hong Kong. Leisure Studies, 21(2), 163-178.
- Yetim G. (2014). The effect of leisure involvement on leisure satisfaction and loyalty: a study on fitness centers in Eskişehir. Master Thesis, Anadolu University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Eskişehir.