INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS RELATED TO SEXUAL OFFENDING BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS CHARGED WITH SEXUAL ABUSE CRIME

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 21 - 36, 30.09.2019

Zeynep Gedik Küçük Zeynep Belma Gölge

Öz

Adolescence is a chaotic process due to its accelerated development in terms of bio-psycho-social respects.  Adolescence in which sexuality is started to be de-eply experienced, intense interest and curiosity toward sexuality occurs and sexual instincts are hardly controlled is a risky period regarding sexual crime be-havior. The aim of the study is investigating the factors that cause sexual offen-ding behavior in adolescence. To this end, comprehensive interviews were con-ducted with adolescents who are charged with sexual crimes. Additionally, envi-ronmental, cultural, individual and cognitive factors that might affect adolescent sexual offending were assessed.

Study group consists of 50 male adolescents who are charged with sexual offen-ding crime and 50 male adolescents who don’t have any criminal history. All participants are between 15 and 17 ages. Participants were asked to complete the interview form and fulfill  four scales, difficulties of emotional regulation, child-hood trauma, childhood narcissism, and the adolescent masculinity ideology in relationships. It is found that there is no meaningful difference between study group and control group regarding age of learning information about sexuality, however groups are significantly different in terms of their friends’ criminal his-tory and engaging in risky behavior  with their friends. In addition, study group has significantly higher scores on difficulties of emotional regulation and child-hood trauma scales; on the contrary, it is not found significant differences between groups in terms of childhood narcissism and the adolescent masculinity ideology in relationships scales.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescence Sexual offending, Emotion Regulation, Childhood Trauma, Masculinity Ideology, Narcissism

CİNSEL İSTİSMAR SUÇUNDAN HÜKÜM ALAN ERGENLERİN CİNSEL SALDIRGAN DAVRANIŞLARIYLA İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLERİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Ergenlik biyo-psiko-sosyal gelişimin çok hızlı olduğu çocukluk ve yetişkinlik arasında gelişimsel zorlanmaların sıklıkla yaşandığı kaotik bir süreçtir. Cinselli-ğin yoğun olarak hissedilmeye başlandığı, cinselliğe karşı yoğun ilgi ve merakın oluştuğu ve cinsel dürtülerin kontrol edilmesinde güçlüklerin yaşandığı ergenlik dönemi cinsel suç davranışı açısından riskli bir dönemdir. Bu çalışmada ergenlik döneminde görülen cinsel suç davranışının ortaya çıkmasında hangi faktörlerin etkili olduğu araştırılmak istenmektedir. Bu amaçla cinsel suç nedeniyle hüküm giymiş ergenlerle geniş görüşmeler yapılarak çocuğun suç davranışında etkili olabileceği düşünülen çevresel, kültürel, bireysel ve bilişsel faktörler değerlendi-rilmiştir. 

Çalışma grubu cinsel suçtan hükümlü bulunan 15-17 yaş aralığında 50 erkek er-gen ile herhangi bir suç kaydı olmayan 15-17 yaş aralığında 50 erkek ergenden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan görüşme formu, duygu düzenlemede güçlükler ölçeği, çocukluk çağı travma ölçeği, çocukluk nar-sisizm ölçeği ve ergenlerin erkeklik algısı ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Araştırma ve kontrol grupları arasında cinsellikle ilgili bilgileri edinme yaşı açısından anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı, buna karşın hükümlü gruptaki ergenlerin arkadaşlarının suç geçmişi ve arkadaşları ile birlikte suç sayılabilecek riskli davranışta bulunma oranlarının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Hükümlülerin duygu düzenlemede güç-lük ve çocukluk çağı travma skorlarının kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu, ancak erkeklik algısı ve narsisizm skorları açısından gruplar ara-sında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ergen Cinsel Saldırganlığı, Duygu Düzenleme Becerileri, Çocukluk Travması, Erkeklik Algısı, Narsisizm

Kaynakça

• Alpay, E. H., Aydın, A. A. ve Bellur, Z. (2017). Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Depresyon ve Travma Sonrası Stres Belirtileri ile İlişkisinde Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüklerinin Aracı Rolü. Symptoms and Depression, Klinik Psikiyatri. Doi: 10.5505/kpd.2017.98852
• Barbaree, H. E. ve Marshall, W. L. (2006). An introduction to the juvenile sex offender: Terms, concepts and definitions. H. E. Barbaree ve W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed., pp. 1–18). New York: Guilford.
• Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L. ve Foote, J. (1994). Initial reli-ability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1132- 1136. Doi: 10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
• Burns, E. E., Jackson, J. L. ve Harding, H. G. (2010). Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress: The impact of emotional abu-se. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(8), 801-819. Doi: 10.1080/10926771.2010.522947
• Burton, D., Demuynck, S. ve Yoder, J. R. (2014). Executive dysfunction predicts delinquency but not characteristics of sexual aggression among adolescent sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 28(8), 707-721. doi: 10.1177/1079063214556357.
• Chaffin, M., Bonner, B. ve Pierce, K. (2003). NCSBY Fact Sheet: What research shows about adolescent sex offenders. Oklohoma City, OK: Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Oklohoma Health Sciences Center.
• Chu, J. Y., Porche, M. V. ve Tolman, D. L. (2005). The Adolescent Mas-culinity Ideology in Relationships Scale: Development and Validation of a New Measure for Boys. Men and Masculinities, 8(1), 93-115. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/10971 84X03257453
• Doyle, R. L. (2014). Childhood Abuse and Adverse Experience in Adoles-cents Who Harm Others. PhD thesis in Forensic Psychology. University of Not-tingham.
• Elliott, D. S. ve Morse, B. J. (1989). Delinquency and drug use as risk fac-tors in teenage sexual activity. Youth and Society, 21, 32-57.
• Elliott, R., Watson, J.C., Goldman, R.N. ve Greenberg, L.S. (2004). Lear-ning Emotion-Focused Therapy. The process-experiential approach to change. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
• Finkel, M. L. ve Finkel, D. G. (1981). Sexual and contraceptive knowled-ge, attitude and behavior of male adolescents. F. Furstenberg, R. Lincoln & J. Menken (Eds.), Teenage sexuality, pregnancy and childbearing (pp. 327–335). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
• Finkelhor, D. (1979). What's wrong with sex between adults and children? Ethics and the problem of sexual abuse. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 49, 692-697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1979.tb02654.x
• Finkelhor, D., Hammer, H. ve Sedlak, A. J. (2008). Sexually assaulted children: National estimates and characteristics. Washington, D.C.: U. S. De-partment of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
• Gifford-Smith, M., Dodge, K. A., Dishion, T. J. ve McCord, J. (2005). Peer influence in children and adolescents: Crossing the bridge from develop-mental to intervention science. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(3), 255-265. DOI: 10.1007/s10802-005-3563-7
• Hanson, R. K. ve Scott, H. (1995). Assessing perspective-taking among sexual offenders, nonsexual criminals, and nonoffenders. Sexual Abuse: A Jour-nal of Research and Treatment, 7, 259-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02 256831
• Hershkowitz, I. (2014). Sexually intrusive behavior among alleged CSA male victims: A prospective study. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 26(3), 291-305. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063213486937
• Hunter, J. A., Figueredo, A. J., Malamuth, N. M. ve Becker, J. V. (2003). Juvenile sex offenders: Toward the development of a typology. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15(1), 27–48. DOI: 10.1177/10790 6320301500103
• Gratz, K. L. ve Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emo-tion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial vali-dation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopatho-logy and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA. 0000007455.08539.94
• Johnson, G. M. ve Knight R. A. (2000). Developmental antecedents of sexual coercion in juvenile sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Rese-arch and Treatment, 12(3), 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009546308248
• Jones, S., Joyal, C. C., Cisler, J. M. ve Bai, S. (2016). Exploring Emotion Regulation in Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended: An fMRI Study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(1), 40–57. DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2016.1259280
• Lovell E. (2002) I think I may need some help with this problem: respon-ding to children and young people who display sexually harmful behaviour. London: NSPCC.
• Naidoo, L. ve Sewpaul, V. (2014). The life experiences of adolescent sexual offenders: Factors that contribute to offending behaviours, Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk, 50(1), 84-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15270/50-1-17
• Rodriguez, C. M., Tucker, M. C. ve Palmer, K. (2016). Emotion regula-tion in relation to emerging adults’ mental health and delinquency: A multi-informant approach. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 1916–1925.
• Rugancı, R. N. ve Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Tur-kish version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66 (4), 442-455. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20665
• Ryan, G.D. ve Lane, S. L. (1997). Juvenile Sex qffending: Causes, Con-sequences and Corrections (Rev. ed). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Schram, D., Milloy, C. ve Rowe, W. (1991). Juvenile sex offenders: A fol-low-up study of reoffense behavior. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
• Seghorn, T., Boucher, R., J. ve Prentky, R. A. (1987). Childhood sexual abuse in the lives of sexually aggressive offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 262 – 267. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198703000-00025
• Shaw, J., Applegate, B. ve Rothe, E. (1996). Psychopathology and perso-nality disorders in adolescent sex offender. American Journal of Forensic Psyc-hiatry, 17(4), 19-38.
• Sheffield, C. J. (1987). Sexual terrorism: The social control of women. B. B. Hess ve M. M. Ferree (Eds.), Analyzing gender: A handbook of social science research (pp. 171-189). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Şar, V., Öztürk, E. ve İkikardeş, E. (2012). Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlamasının geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Türkiye Klinikle-ri, 32(4), 1054-1063. doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26947
• Thomaes, S., Bushman, B.J., Stegge, H. ve Olthof, T. (2008) Trumping shame by blasts of noise: Narcissism, self-esteem, shame, and aggression in yo-ung adolescents. Child Development, 79(6), 1792–1801. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01226.x
• Thompson, E. H. (1990). Courtship violence and the male role. Men’s Studies Review, 7, 4-13.