İRLANDA KIRSAL KONUT MİMARİSİ- SAZ ÇATILI EV

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 135 - 156, 03.10.2024

Rümeysa Çılğasıt , Uğur Özcan

Öz

Çağlar boyu, insanoğlu yaşamı için barınma ihtiyacından dolayı inşa etme eylemini gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu eylemin gerçekleştiği kırsal yerleşimlerde, erişilebilir, kolay çıkarılan ve ucuz olan malzemeler kullanılmıştır. Evin geleneksel formunda, iklim verilerinin, topoğrafyanın, malzeme çeşitliliğinin, yapım yöntemlerinin ve geleneklerin etkisi olmuştur. İrlanda'nın geleneksel kırsal konut mimarisini incelediğimizde, halkın kendi elleriyle, iklim, topoğrafya, gelenek, yapı malzemeleri gibi birçok yere ait özelliklere dayalı, denemeyanılma yöntemi kullanılarak, konutlar inşa ettiği ve zaman içinde farklı ihtiyaçlara yönelik evrilen, gelişen formlara ulaştığı görülmüştür. İrlanda kırsalında görülen bu konut yapıları, her ne kadar aynı görünse de İrlanda’nın farklı bölgelerinde plan tipi, malzeme ve yapım tekniği açısından çeşitlilik göstermiştir. Bu çeşitliliğin, bölgede çıkarılan yaygın malzeme tipi ve buna bağlı farklı yapım teknikleri ile yaşam biçiminin bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. İrlanda kırsal evlerinde kullanılan önemli mobilya çeşitleri olup, bunlar genellikle ihtiyaca yönelik tasarlanmış ve depo amaçlı da kullanılmışlardır. Bu araştırmada, İrlanda'nın geleneksel kırsal konut mimarisinin gelişimi, plan çeşitleri, yapım malzemeleri, çatı formları, çatı ve duvar yapım yöntemleri, ocak ve bacaların gelişimi ve son olarak geleneksel mobilyalarından bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Konut, Geleneksel konut, Kırsal mimari, İrlanda, Saz çatı

IRELAND RURAL HOUSING ARCHITECTURE- THATCHED ROOF HOUSE

Öz

Throughout the ages, human beings have carried out the act of construction due to the need for shelter for their lives. In rural settlements where this action took place, accessible, easily extracted and cheap materials were used. The traditional form of the house has been influenced by climatic data, topography, material diversity, construction methods and traditions. When we examine the traditional rural housing architecture of Ireland, it is seen that the people built houses with their own hands, using trial and error method, based on many local characteristics such as climate, topography, tradition, building materials, and reached forms that evolved and developed for different needs over time. Although these dwelling structures in the Irish countryside appear to be the same, they have shown diversity in terms of plan type, material and construction technique in different regions of Ireland. It has been observed that this diversity is an effect of the common type of material extracted in the region and the related different construction techniques and lifestyle. There are important types of furniture used in Irish rural houses, and these are generally designed for necessity and also used for storage purposes. In this research, the development of traditional Irish rural house architecture, plan types, construction materials, roof forms, roof and wall construction methods, the development of hearths and chimneys and finally traditional furniture are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Housing, Traditional housing, Rural architecture, Ireland, Thatched roof

Kaynakça

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