Effects of Economic Growth and Industrialization on Ecological Footprint: Asymmetric Causation Analysis

Öz

Industrialization in Türkiye began with state support shortly after the establishment of the Republic. The subsequent Second World War had a detrimental effect on both the economy and industrial sector. After 1980, the Turkish economy began to undergo trade liberalization due to the increased pace of globalization. Globalization has led to the emergence of urbanization and industrialization, resulting in a new economic understanding. With the onset of urbanization and industrialization, environmental destruction has increased. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization on the ecological footprint in Türkiye with Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality analysis for the period 1968–2022. For this reason, a unit root test, appropriate lag length, cointegration, and causality test were performed in the research. Based on the findings of the causality test, it was determined that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and industrialization, economic growth and ecological footprint, urbanization and economic growth, urbanization and ecological footprint, and industrialization and urbanization in Türkiye during the analyzed period. In this context, environmentally friendly production practices should be supported in industrialization. In Türkiye, practices should also be implemented to provide solutions to the problem of unplanned urbanization in big cities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Economic growth
• industrialization
• urbanization
• ecological footprint
• asymmetric causality analysis

Ekonomik Büyüme ve Sanayileşmenin Ekolojik Ayak İzine Etkileri: Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi

Öz

Türkiye’de Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşunun ilk yıllarından itibaren sanayileşme adımları devlet desteğiyle birlikte başlamıştır. Ardından meydana gelen İkinci Dünya Savaşı, ekonomi ve sanayi sektörünün olumsuz etkilenmesine neden olmuştur. 1980’den sonra küreselleşmenin hız kazanmasıyla birlikte Türkiye ekonomisi ticari serbestleşme sürecine giriş yapmıştır. Bu yeni ekonomik anlayış globalleşmenin de etkisiyle kentleşme ve sanayileşmeyi beraberinde getirmiştir. Kentleşme ve sanayileşmenin başlamasıyla çevresel tahribat artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme, sanayileşme ve kentleşmenin Ekolojik Ayak İzi (GFN) üzerindeki etkilerini 1968-2022 dönemi için Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik analizi ile araştırmaktır. Araştırmada bu nedenle birim kök testi, uygun gecikme uzunluğu, eş bütünleşme ve söz konusu nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Yapılan nedensellik testi bulgularına göre; incelenen dönemde Türkiye’de, ekonomik büyüme ve sanayileşme ile GFN arasında, kentleşmede ve ekonomik büyüme arasında, ekonomik büyüme ve sanayileşme arasında, kentleşme ve GFN arasında, sanayileşme ve kentleşme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda sanayileşmede çevre dostu üretim uygulamaları desteklenmelidir. Türkiye’de ayrıca büyük şehirlerde çarpık kentleşme problemine çözüm sağlayacak uygulamalar yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekonomik büyüme
• sanayileşme
• kentleşme
• ekolojik ayak izi
• asimetrik nedensellik analizi

Kaynakça

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