Somaliland’in Uluslararası Alanda Tanınma Sorunu: Fırsatlar ve Tehditler

Öz

Somali’deki Siad Barre rejiminin düşüşünden sonra Somaliland, başarısız olan Büyük Somali Birliği’nden ayrılmış ve 1991 yılında bağımsızlığını geri kazandığını ilan etmiştir. Somali devleti ile karşılaştırıldığında Somaliland, kısmen daha başarılı bir devlet inşa etmesine rağmen uluslararası alanda istediği tanınırlığı elde edememiştir. Somaliland’in ilk olarak 1960 yılında başlayan bu bağımsızlık süreci, 1991’de yerini uluslararası tanınma çabasına bırakmıştır. Ülkenin tanınmaya yönelik mücadelesi ise Afrikalı ve Batılı oyuncular ile onların Somaliland ile olan ilişkilerine bağlı olarak şekillenmiştir. Bu makale, Somaliland’in tanınmamasının ardındaki siyaseti açığa çıkarmaya çalışmaktadır. Makalenin amacı, Somaliland’in uluslararası alanda tanınmasının aciliyetini ortaya koymak ve tanınması hakkındaki temel argümanların karmaşıklığını gidermektir. Makale, uluslararası alanda tanıma şartlarına, temel teorik tartışmalara ve tanıma şekillerine dikkati çekerek, Somaliland’in yasal anlayıştaki konumunu araştırmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ise makalede, Somaliland’in siyasi gelişimi ve bölgesel sorunlarına yer verilmektedir. Makalede, Somaliland’in tanınmamasını veya tanınmasını etkileyen faktörleri incelemek adına SWOT analizi bir yöntem olarak tercih edilmektedir. Uluslararası hukukun tanınma şekilleri, teorik çerçevesi, Somaliland’in siyasi gelişimi ve bölgesel sorunları düşünüldüğünde, sürece tarafsız bakmak açısından SWOT analizi bu çalışmada köprü görevi görmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Somaliland
• Somali
• Devlet Olma
• Uluslararası Tanıma
• Bağımsızlık

Somaliland's International Recognition Issue: Opportunities and Threats

Öz

After the fall of the Siad Barre regime in Somalia, Somaliland broke away from the failed Greater Somalia and declared independence in 1991. Compared to the Somali state, Somaliland has not been able to achieve the international recognition it sought, although it has built a relatively more successful state. Somaliland's independence process, which began in 1960, was replaced by an effort for international recognition in 1991. The country's struggle for recognition has been shaped by African and Western actors and their relations with Somaliland. This article attempts to uncover the politics behind Somaliland's non-recognition. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the urgency of Somaliland's international recognition and to unravel the complexity of the main arguments for it. The article examines Somaliland's position in legal understanding, drawing attention to the international conditions of recognition, basic theoretical debates, and forms of recognition. The article prefers SWOT analysis as a method to examine the factors influencing the non-recognition or recognition of Somaliland. Considering the forms of recognition in international law, its theoretical framework, Somaliland's political development, and regional problems, the SWOT analysis serves as a bridge in this study in terms of an unbiased and causal view of the process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Somaliland
• Somalia
• Statehood
• International Recognition
• Independence

Kaynakça

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