Social Capital Dimensions in Collaborative Networks: The Role of Linking Social Capital

Öz

This paper proposes a model to analyze social capital in enterprise collaborative networks. We used qualitative and quantitative methods in a triangulation of information process. This model was built from a case study in an enterprise collaborative network, promoted by the Brazilian government. We focused on the identification of the social capital dimensions present in the network. We defend the importance of social capital evaluation in collaborative networks and the role of linking social capital, as an integrator concept. The “linking social capital” allows us to unify two approaches: one that considers only horizontal social relations and another that covers power relations. In this sense, we propose a model to analyze the linking social capital in collaborative networks, unifying the two different approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• linking social capital, collaborative networks, Brazil, quanti-quali method, theoretical model

Kaynakça

1. Adam, C. R. (2006). Proposição de indicadores para avaliação de desempenho de redes de cooperação. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
2. Autorede. (2005a, December). Associação de empresas reparadoras automotivas. Rio Grande do Sul, BR: Estatuto Social.
3. Balestrin, A. (2005b). A dinâmica da complementaridade de conhecimentos no contexto das redes interorganizacionais. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
4. Bardin, L. (1977). Análise de conteşdo (p.228). Lisboa: Edições 70.
5. Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G., & Freeman, L.C. (2002). Ucinet 6 for windows: software for social network analysis. Harvard: Analytic Technologies.
6. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Eds), The Handbook of Theory: Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241-258). New York: Greenwood Press.
7. Bourdieu, P. (2003a). O poder simbólico (6th ed, p.322). Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand.
8. Bourdieu, P. (2003b). Razões práticas: sobre a teoria da ação (4th ed, p. 224). Campinas: Papirus.

9. Camarinha-Matos, L. M., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2005). Collaborative networks: a new scientific discipline. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer. The Netherlands, , 439–452.
10. Ciampa, A. C. (2001). Identidade. In S. T. M. Lane & W. Codo (Eds.) Psicologia social em movimento (pp.58-75). São Paulo: Brasiliense.
11. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120.
12. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
13. Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: the social creation virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.
14. Fukuyama, F. (1999). The great disruption: human nature and the reconstitution of social order. London: Profile Books.
15. Granovetter, M. S (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 80.
16. Grootaert, C. (1998). Social capital: the missing link?, social capital iniciative working paper no 3. The World Bank: Washington D.C.
17. Hirschman, Albert O. (1984). Against Parsimony: three easy ways of complicating some categories of economic discourse. American Economic Review, Proceedings n.74, p.93.
18. Kuriki, F., et al. (2008). Conceituação de redes sociais: um olhar teórico sobre duas experiências práticas. Retrieved 02/15/2008, from http://www.risolidaria.org.br/util/view_texto.jsp?txt_id=200409290015.
19. Macke, J., Sarate, J. A. R., & Vallejos, R. V. (2009). Collective competence and social capital: a proposal of a model for collaborative network analysis. In N. Callaos, H. Chu, Y. Yingling, & C. D. Zinn (Org.). The 2nd International Multi-conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation, 1, 306-311. Winter Garden: IIIS (International Institute of Informatics and Syemics).
20. Macke, J., Vallejos, R. V., & Sarate, J. A. R. (2009). Collaborative network governance: understanding social capital dimensions. In W. McQuay & W. W. Smari (Org.). International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, 1, 163-171. Piscataway: IEEE Service Center.
21. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
22. Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creation company. New York: Oxford University Press.
23. Onyx, J., & Bullen, P. (2000). Measuring social capital in five communities. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 36(1), 23-42.
24. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. Y (1993). Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
25. Ring, P. S. (1997). Processes facilitating reliance on trust in inter-organizational networks. In M. Ebers (Ed.) The formation of inter-organizational networks. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. Sabatini, F. (2008). Social capital and the quality of economic development. Kyklos, (3), 466–499.
27. Schuller, T. (2007, March) Reflections on the use of social capital: organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD). Review of social economy, 65(1).
28. Secretaria do Desenvolvimento e Assuntos Internacionais do Rio Grande do Sul. (2004). Manual de Orientação dos Consultores do Programa Redes de Cooperação (CD). Porto Alegre, RS: Brazil.
29. Siqueira, A. C. O. (2007). Entrepreneurship and ethnicity: the role of human capital and family social capital. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 31–46.
30. Skidmore, D. (2001). Sociedade civil, capital social e desenvolvimento econômico. In A. A. Abreu (Org.). Transição em Fragmentos: desafios da democracia no final do século XX (pp. 129-152). Rio de Janeiro: FGV.
31. Stam, W., & Elfring, T. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance: the moderating role of intra and extraindustry social capital. Academy of Management Journal, 51(1), 97–111.
32. Swinney, J. (2008). Sponsorship, community, and social capital resources in indigenous communities. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(3), 363–379.
33. Takhar, S. (2006, August). South Asian women, social capital and multicultural (mis) understandings. Community, Work and Family, 9(3), 291-307.
34. Vallejos, R. V., Macke, J., Olea, P. M., & Toss, E. (2008). Collaborative networks and social capital: a theoretical and practical convergence. International Federation for Information Processing, 283, p. 43-52.Boston: Springer.
35. Vershoore, J. R. S. (2006). Redes de cooperação inter-organizacionais: a identificação de atributos e benefícios para um modelo de gestão. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
36. Webb, C. (2008) Measuring social capital and knowledge networks. Journal of knowledge management, 12(5), 65-78.
37. Wegner, D. (2005). Redes horizontais de empresas no Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo dos fatores influentes na formação e desenvolvimento. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
38. Xiao, Z., & Tsui, A. S. (2007). When brokers may not work: the cultural contingency of social capital in chinese high-tech firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52, 1-31.
39. Yin, R. (1994). Case study research: design and methods (2nd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publishing.
40. Yuan, Y. C., Gay, G., & Hembrooke, H. (2006). Focused activities and the development of social sapital in a distributed learning “community”. The Information Society, 22, 25-39.