The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas

Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2 30 Mayıs 2016
  • Daniel R. Lee
  • Carly M. Hılınskı
  • Shelly Clevenger
EN

The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas

Öz

Recent examinations have placed importance on gender equality and women’s independence as determinants of violence against women. These examinations have resulted in mixed results about the importance of different theoretical constructs and levels of analysis. This examination integrates macro strain constructs with the feminist perspective and utilizes the Uniform Crime Reports U.S Census data from year 2000 to determine how gender differences in social and economic status can be used to explain rape rates in the 75 most populated Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs). Implications for future research based on these results are presented and discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Avakame, E.F. (1999a). Female’s labor force participation and rape: An empirical test of the backlash hypothesis. Violence Against Women, 5, 926-949.
  2. Avakame, E. (1999b). Sex ratios, female labor force participation, and lethal violence. Violence Against Women, 5, 1321-1341.
  3. Bailey, W.C. (1999). The socioeconomic status of women and patterns of forcible rape for major U.S. cities. Sociological Focus, 32, 43-63.
  4. Baron, L. & Straus, M. (1984). Sexual stratification, pornography, and rape in the United States. In N.M. Malamuth & E. Donnerstein (Eds.) Pornography and sexual aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  5. Baron, L. & Straus, M. (1987). Four theories of rape: A macrosociological analysis. Social Problems, 34, 467-488.
  6. Baron, L. & Straus, M. (1989). Four theories of rape in American society: A state- level analysis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  7. Blau, J. & Blau, P. (1982). The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime. American Sociological Review, 47, 114-129.
  8. Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006). Criminal victimization in the United States,

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

-

Yazarlar

Daniel R. Lee Bu kişi benim
Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Carly M. Hılınskı Bu kişi benim
Grand Valley State University

Shelly Clevenger Bu kişi benim
Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Mayıs 2016

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Mayıs 2016

Kabul Tarihi

-

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2009 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Lee, D. R., Hılınskı, C. M., & Clevenger, S. (2016). The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 2(2), 177-198. https://izlik.org/JA67HD74FS
AMA
1.Lee DR, Hılınskı CM, Clevenger S. The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas. IJSI. 2016;2(2):177-198. https://izlik.org/JA67HD74FS
Chicago
Lee, Daniel R., Carly M. Hılınskı, ve Shelly Clevenger. 2016. “The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas”. International Journal of Social Inquiry 2 (2): 177-98. https://izlik.org/JA67HD74FS.
EndNote
Lee DR, Hılınskı CM, Clevenger S (01 Mayıs 2016) The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas. International Journal of Social Inquiry 2 2 177–198.
IEEE
[1]D. R. Lee, C. M. Hılınskı, ve S. Clevenger, “The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas”, IJSI, c. 2, sy 2, ss. 177–198, May. 2016, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA67HD74FS
ISNAD
Lee, Daniel R. - Hılınskı, Carly M. - Clevenger, Shelly. “The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas”. International Journal of Social Inquiry 2/2 (01 Mayıs 2016): 177-198. https://izlik.org/JA67HD74FS.
JAMA
1.Lee DR, Hılınskı CM, Clevenger S. The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas. IJSI. 2016;2:177–198.
MLA
Lee, Daniel R., vd. “The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas”. International Journal of Social Inquiry, c. 2, sy 2, Mayıs 2016, ss. 177-98, https://izlik.org/JA67HD74FS.
Vancouver
1.Daniel R. Lee, Carly M. Hılınskı, Shelly Clevenger. The Contributions of Female Independence and Gender Equality to Rape in Metropolitan Areas. IJSI [Internet]. 01 Mayıs 2016;2(2):177-98. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA67HD74FS

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