Globalization and Empire

Öz

This paper describes how the forces of the United States Empire are key elements in describing the most recent process of globalization. Empires have always been the key actors in the waves of globalization throughout history. The Empire of the United States of America is not an exception to this history. Military, economic, cultural, and political integration and control from an imperial center are key elements in understanding the forces of globalization in the past and today. This paper describes these forces of globalization as they pertain to the largest and most powerful empire in world history.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Globalization, U.S. Empire, military, economic, cultural, and political

Kaynakça

1. Agency, United States Trade and Development. (2007). Mission Statement of USTDA. Retrieved April 9, 2008, from United States Trade and Development Agency: http://www.ustda.gov/about/mission.asp
2. Anderson, S., Bennis, P., & Cavanagh, J. (2003, February 26). COALITION OF THE COERCED? How the Bush Administration Influences Allies in its War on Iraq. Retrieved January 5, 2007, from Institute for Policy Studies: http://www.tni.org/mil- docs/coalition.pdf
3. Bank, Inter-American. (2005, March 6). Sending Money Home: Remittances to Latin America from the US, 2004. Executive Summary. Retrieved February 12, 2007, from Inter-American http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=547214 Development Bank Search Page:
4. Bello, W. 1. (1999, November 27). The Iron Cage: The WTO, the Bretton Woods Institutions and the South. Retrieved January 23, 2007, from Transnational Institute: http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_bello_ironcage
5. Bensinger, K. (2005, March 15). Like the US, Mexico feels Wal-Mart era. Retrieved January http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0315/p01s03-woam.html , from Christian Science Monitor:
6. Brown, D. (2001). Bury My Heart At Wounded Knee. New York: Holt.
7. Churchill, W. (1997). A Little Matter of Genocide. San Francisco: City Lights.
8. Committee, U. S. (1970). Report by the Subcommittee on Security Agreements and Commitments. Washington D. C.: United States Government.

9. De Grazia, V. (2005). Irresistible Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
10. Eakin, E. (2002, April 2). It Takes an Empire,‘ Say Several U.S. Thinkers. New York Times.
11. Ellwood, W. (2001). The No-Nonsense Guide to Globalization. Toronto: New Internationalist Publications.
12. Estes, H. M. (1997). United States Space Command. Vision 2020. Retrieved November , 2007, from http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usspac/visbook.pdf
13. Ferguson, N. (2004). Colossus: The Price of America’s Empire. New York: The Penguin Press.
14. Fitzpatrick, J. C. (1944). The Writings of George Washington. Retrieved May 15, 2008, from Washington Resources at the University of Virginia Library: http://etext.virginia.edu/washington/fitzpatrick/
15. Frank, A. G. (1979). Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment. New York: Monthly Review Press.
16. Friedman, T. (1999, March 28). What the World Needs Now. New York Times .
17. Gardner, L. C., LaFeber, W. F., & McCormick, T. J. (1973). Creation of the American Empire: U.S. Diplomatic History. Chicago: Rand McNally and Co.
18. Giddens, A. (2000). Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives. London: Routeledge Taylor and Francis.
19. Giddens, A. (2006). Dimensions of Globalization. In D. S. Eitzen, & M. Baca Zinn, In Globalization: The Transformation of Social Worlds. Belmont: Thomson/Wadsworth.
20. Grandin, G. (2006). Empire's Workshop. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
21. Guissé, E. H. (2004, February 27). Third World Debt A Continuing Legacy Of Colonialism: Working paper UN Sub Commision on Human Rights . Retrieved January 2007, 2007, from Southcentre.org/info/southbulletin/bulletin8: http://www.southcentre.org/info/southbulletin/bulletin85/bulletin85.htm
22. Haas, R. N. (1999, September/October). What to do with American Primacy. Retrieved May 18, 2008, from Brookings Institution: http://www.brookings.edu/articles/1999/09diplomacy_haass.aspx
23. Hardt, M., & Negri, A. (2000). Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
24. Hiatt, S. (2007). Global Empire: The Web of Control. In S. Hiatt, A Game As Old As Empire (pp. 13-29). San Francisco: Berrett Koehler.
25. Hobsbawm, E. (2003, June 11). After Winning the War The Empire Expands Wider and Still http://www.counterpunch.org/hobsbawm06112003.html Retrieved June , , from Counterpunch:
26. Institute, I. I. (2006). World Rankings. Retrieved June 26, 2008, from Financial Services Fact Book: http://www.iii.org/financial2/world/world/
27. Johnson, C. (2004). . . The Sorrows of Empire. New York: Metropolitan Books.
28. Kennedy, R. G. (2003). Mr. Jefferson’s Lost Cause. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29. Krauthammer, C. (2001, March 5). The Bush Doctrine. Time.
30. LeFeber, W. (2002). Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism. New York: W.W. Norton and Co.
31. Luce, H. R. (1941). The American Century. New York: Farrar and Rhinehart.
32. Magdoff, H. (2003). Imperialism without Colonies. New York: Monthly Review.
33. Maier, C. S. (2005). An American Empire?: The Problems of Frontiers and Peace in Twenty-First Century Politics. In L. C. Young, The New American Empire (pp. xi-ix). New York: The New Press.
34. McChesney, R. (1997, November/December). The Global Media Giants. Retrieved June , 2000, from In Extra FAIR: http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1406
35. McKinley, J. J. (2004, September 28). No, the Conquistadors Are Not Back. It's Just Wal- Mart. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/28/international/americas/28mexico.html?ex=&en=9f21ee7203878784&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt York Times:
36. Monthly Review. (2002). U.S. Military Bases and Empire. Retrieved March 23, 2007, from Monthly Review: http://www.monthlyreview.org/0302editr.htm
37. Morley, D., & Robins, K. (1996). The End of What? Spaces of Identity. Global Media, Electronic Landscapes and Cultural Boundaries. London: Routledge.
38. Munkler, H. (2007). Empires. Malden: Polity.
39. Nation, T. (2002, January 7/14). The Top Ten. Retrieved May 2, 2006, from The Nation Magazine,: http://www.thenation.com/special/bigten.html
40. Network, C. B. (2008). About CBN WorldReach. Retrieved February 23, 2008, from CBN.com: http://www.cbn.com/worldreach/worldreach_about.aspx
41. Pearce, J. (1982). Under the Eagle. Boston: South End Press.
42. Perkins, J. (2004). Confessions of an Economic Hit Man. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler .
43. Petras, J., & Veltmeyer, H. (2001). Globalization Unmasked. London: Zed Books.
44. Programme, U. N. (1998). United Nations Development Report 1998. Retrieved January , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_1998_en.pdf from Human Development Reports:
45. Proliferation, T. C. (2008, February 22). The FY 2009 Pentagon Spending Request - Global Military Spending. Retrieved June 25, 2008, from The Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation: http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/fy09_dod_request_global/
46. Renner, M. (2000). Corporate Mergers Skyrocket. Retrieved Janurary 24, 2007, from Global Policy Forum: http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/tncs/mergers/renner.htm
47. Ritzer, G. (2004). The Globalization of Nothing. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forest Press.
48. Robinson, W. J. (1996). Promoting Polyarchy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
49. Roy, A. (2004, December 7). People vs. Empire. Retrieved January 6, 2007, from In These Times : http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/1740/
50. Schiller, H. (1969). Mass Communications and the American Empire. New York: Kelley.
51. Schiller, H. (1985, September 21). Breaking the West‘s Media Monopoly. The Nation , pp. 248-251.
52. Schlosser, E. (2001). Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston: Houghton and Mifflin Co.
53. Shields, J. C. (1997, May). Export Promotion Programs. Retrieved February 21, 2008, from Corporate Wealthfare Project & TaxWatch:http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol2/v2n34exp_body.html
54. Solimano, A. (2001, November). INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORDER: AN OVERVIEW. Retrieved January 3, 2008, from Macroeconomics and Growth Development Economics Research Group: The World Bank: http://66.102.1.104/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:gyT60tgFMF4J:econ.worldbank.org/files/2728_wps2720.pdf+author:%22Solimano%22+intitle:%22International+Migration+and+the+Global+Economic+Order:+...%22
55. Sourcewatch. (2007 , November 16 ). “Christian Broadcasting Network. Retrieved February 20, 2008, from Sourcewatch: http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Christian_Broadcasting_Network
56. Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Globalization and its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
57. Tabb, B. (2004). The Two Wings of the Eagle.‖ Pox Americana: Exposing the American Empire. In B. J. Foster, & R. W. McChesney. New York: Monthly Review Press.
58. Tinker, G. E. (1993). Missionary Conquest. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Press.
59. VanAlstyne, R. W. (1960). The Rising American Empire. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
60. Wallerstein, I. (2003). The Decline of American Power. New York: The New Press.
61. Weinberg, A. K. (1935). Manifest Destiny: A Study of Nationalist Expansionism in American History . Baltimore: John‘s Hopkins University.
62. Williams, W. A. (2007). Empire as a Way of Life. Brooklyn: Ig Publishing.