AN ANALYTICAL VIEW TO THE JERUSALEM DECISION OF TRUMP ADMINISTRATION

Öz

The US Congress has preferred to stay away from the ground of international law by accepting the ‘Jerusalem Embassy Act’ in 1995 based on ‘Basic Law of 1980’. By the ‘Presidential Waiver’ mentioned in the law, they have started to suspend the Jerusalem Embassy Act with six-month periods since June 1999. But Trump has accepted the Jerusalem Embassy Act in December 2017 that will start the process of moving the American embassy to Jerusalem.

This work has put the grounds of Trump administration’s Jerusalem decision to examination in the light of scientific principles. That is the statements and acts of the foreign policy actors and other shareholders who are effective in the decision making process has been evaluated by content analysis. In addition to this, because the Palestine/Jerusalem Question is a chronic problem, it has been examined with the current and periodical information. As a result of these methods, the multifactoral ground that takes Trump to this reductionist decision has been detected with concrete examples.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Jerusalem,USA,Israel,UN,Lobbying

TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN KUDÜS KARARINA ANALİTİK BAKIŞ

Öz

ABD Kongresi, 1995 yılında ‘1980 Tarihli İsrail Temel Yasasını’ esas alan ‘Kudüs Büyükelçilik Yasasını’ kabul ederek uluslararası hukuk zemininden uzaklaşmayı tercih etmiştir. Yasa metninde yer alan ‘Başkanlık Ayrıcalığı’ yetkisi nedeniyle 1999 Haziran ayından itibaren ABD Başkanları, Kudüs Büyükelçilik Yasası’nın altı aylık periyodlarla askıya alınmasını başlatmışlardır. Ancak ABD Başkanı Donald Trump, Tel Aviv’deki ABD Büyükelçiliği’nin Kudüs’e taşınması sürecini başlatacak olan Kudüs Büyükelçilik Yasası’nı 2017 Aralık ayı itibariyle onaylamıştır.

Bu çalışmada Trump yönetiminin Kudüs kararının temelleri bilimsel ilkeler ışığında incelenmeye tabi tutulmuştur. ABD karar alma mekanizmasında etkili olan dış politika aktörlerinin ve diğer paydaşların Kudüs üzerine söylemleri ve eylemleri içerik analizi üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Buna ilaveten, Filistin/Kudüs sorunu kronik bir sorun olduğundan hem güncel hem de dönemsel bilgiler üzerinden de irdelenmiştir. Bu metotlar neticesinde ABD Başkanı Trump’ı bu indirgemeci karara götüren çok faktörlü zemin somut örnekler üzerinden tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kudüs,ABD,İsrail,BM,Lobicilik

Kaynakça

1. Armaoğlu, Fahir (1991). Filistin Meselesi ve Arap-İsrail Savaşları 1948-1988. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
2. Ataöv, Türkkaya (1980). “Kudüs ve Devletler Hukuku”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 35 (1), 29-54.
3. Beşli, Süleyman (2003). “Kudüs’ün Statüsü Sorunu”. Filistin Çıkmazdan Çözüme, Kollektif, 277-308.
4. Birleşmiş Milletler Zemininde Filistin Meselesi BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararları 1948-2011 (2012). İstanbul: Platform Yayınevi.
5. Chomsky, Noam (1993). ABD, İsrail ve Filistinliler Kader Üçgeni. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
6. Duman, Levent (2011). “Ortak Çıkarlar, Farklı Öncelikler: 2001-2008 Döneminde Türkiye, ABD ve İsrail Lobisinin İsrail-Filistin Sorununa Yaklaşımları”. Akademik Ortadoğu, 5 (2), 155-180.
7. Erhan, Çağrı (2001). “Filistin-İsrail Barış Süreci Nereye Gidiyor”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 56 (2), 173-180.
8. Fetter, Henry D. (2008). “Showdown in the Oval Office: 12 May 1948 in History”, Israel Affairs, 14 (3), 499-518.

9. Halloum, Ribhi (1989). Belgelerle Filistin Dün, Bugün, Yarın. İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
10. Hallsell, Grace (2003). Tanrı’yı Kıyamete Zorlamak. Ankara: Kim Yayınları.
11. Kanat, Kılıç Buğra (2015). “Netanyahu’nun Ziyareti Gölgesinde ABD-İsrail İlişkileri”, SETA Perspektif, Mart 2015, 1-6.
12. Kudüs (Tarihi Belge) (1988). Cidde: İslam Konferansı Teşkilatı Kudüs Komitesi.
13. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2016). Kudüs Bir Şehrin Biyografisi. İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
14. Trump, Donald (2017). Yeniden Büyük Amerika. İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
15. Ulutaş, Ufuk (2012). İsrail Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu, SETA, http://file.setav.org/Files/ Pdf/2012122112 3959_israil-siyasetini-anlama-kilavuzu-web.pdf
16. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/filistinde-isgalin-yolunu-acan-balfour-deklarasyonu-100-yasinda/95 4461
17. http://aa.com.tr/tr/analiz-haber/trump-in-kudus-kararinda-evanjeliklerin-rolu/1003679
18. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/abdnin-bm-temsilcisi-haleynin-topuklu-ayakkabili-esik-bekciligi /1011258
19. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/donald-trump-yemin-ederek-abdnin-45-baskani-oldu/731664
20. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/filistinde-isgalin-yolunu-acan-balfour-deklarasyonu-100-yasinda/ 954461
21. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/mescid-i-aksadaki-48-yillik-yanginin-izleri/890271
22. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/netanyahudan-kudus-buyukelciligi-icin-trumpa-ovgu/1072248
23. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/trumpin-filistin-politikasi-yahudilere-emanet-/820016?amp=1
24. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/trumpin-israil-buyukelcisi-adayi-belli-oldu/707435
25. http://aclforisrael.com/icej-letter-to-president-trump/
26. http://aclforisrael.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Thank-you-Pres-Trump-letter-final.pdf
27. http://action.rjchq.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/RJC_Jerusalem_final.pdf
28. https://www.adl.org/news/press-releases/adl-welcomes-president-trumps-announcement-on jerusalem-calls-for-focus-on
29. https://www.aipac.org/learn/resources/aipac-publications/publication?pubpath=PolicyPolitics /Press/AIPAC%20Statements/2017/12/Jerusalem%20announcement
30. https://www.ajc.org/news/ajc-applauds-us-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-city
31. http://amerikabulteni.com/2016/12/16/abdde-kudusu-israilin-baskenti-olarak-kabul-etme-tartismasinin-kisa-tarihi/
32. https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/trumptan-fbia-sert-elestiri/4147521.htm
33. https://www.azm.org/american-zionist-movement-president-applauds-presidents-announce ment-jerusalem-bold-act-spirit-zionism-rectifies-historic-wrong
34. http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-42447809
35. http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-43072751
36. https://www.conferenceofpresidents.org/news/press/2017/dec6/conference-presidents-welco mes -historic-us-recognition-jerusalem-capital-israel
37. https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ45/PLAW-104publ45.pdf
38. https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/1322/actions
39. https://www.c-span.org/video/?438272-1/president-trump-delivers-remarks-white-house-han ukkah -reception
40. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/051/22/IMG/NR005122.pd f?OpenElement
41. http://www.dw.com/tr/abdden-bmnin-kud%C3%BCs-tasar%C4%B1s%C4%B1na-veto/a-41851704
42. https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/07/09/senate.2000/hrc.jerusalem/
43. http://www.fikriyat.com/gundem/2017/12/17/evanjelik-hiristiyanligin-koktendinci-ahir-zama n-ogretisi
44. https://www.fozmuseum.com/news-events/washington-dc-president-donald-trump-received-f riends-zion-award-dr-mike-evans/
45. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/trump-to-pm-i-d-recognize-undivided-jerusalem-as-isra eli-capital-1.5442362
46. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/trump-stay-strong-israel-january-20th-is-fast-approach i ng-1.5479278
47. https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-the-quaker-turned-first-u-s-consul-in-j-lem-1.528 8592
48. http://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/murat-bardakci/666003-israil-bm-kararlarini-isine-gelirse -kabul-eder-ama-gelmezse-oldurur
49. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/son-dakika-trumptan-kudus-oylamasi-oncesi-tehdit-4068 4815
50. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/trump-kudus-kararini-simdilik-askiya-aldi-40477373
51. https://il.usembassy.gov/joint-statement-u-s-special-representative-greenblatt-prime-minister-netanyahu-following-meeting/
52. https://il.usembassy.gov/remarks-special-representative-jason-greenblatt-2018-inss-conferen ce/
53. https://il.usembassy.gov/remarks-vice-president-ambassador-friedman-swearing-ceremony/
54. https://il.usembassy.gov/13195-2/
55. https://www.jentezenfranklin.org/blog/the-us-formally-recognizing-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel-why-it-matters-why-it-matters
56. http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Trump-to-son-in-law-Kushner-If -you-cant-produce-peace-nobody-can-479076
57. http://www.jpost.com/US-Elections/Donald-Trump/Ivanka-Trump-says-her-father-will-move -US-embassy-to-Jerusalem-100-percent-if-elected-471113
58. https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm
59. http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfa-archive/1993/pages/jerusalem%203000-%20city%20of%20d avid%201996.aspx
60. http://mfa.gov.il/MFA_Graphics/MFA%20Gallery/Documents%20languages/Turkish/ISRAIL%20HAKKINDA%20GERCEKLER.pdf
61. http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2017/Pages/PM-Netanyahu-addresses-the-AIPAC-Policy-Conference-27-March-2017.aspx
62. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/islam-isbirligi-teskilati.tr.mfa
63. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/senato-trump-in-israil-buyukelcisi-dunya-2419295/
64. https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/israil-basbakani-netanyahudan-trump-yonetimine-ovgu,Jihb_ rD cw k2uiH3xMyXbPw
65. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/14/opinion/foreign-affairs-o-jerusalem.html
66. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html
67. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/world/middleeast/jerusalem-us-embassy-trump.html
68. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/world/middleeast/israel-embassy-jerusalem-trump.html
69. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html
70. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/us/politics/trump-embassy-jerusalem-israel.html
71. http://www.salom.com.tr/haber-103045-trump_yonetiminde_yer_alan_11__onemli_isim.html
72. http://www.salom.com.tr/haber-105937-Israil_basbakani_netanyahu_ne_ile_suclaniyor.html
73. https://www.setav.org/abd-ve-kudus-karari/
74. https://www.theguardian.com/us-neve ws/2016/dec/15/trump-israel-ambassador-david-friedman
75. http://time.com/4267058/donald-trump-aipac-speech-transcript
76. https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-tells-jerusalem-rally-hell-make-israel-us-safe-again/
77. http://tr.euronews.com/2018/02/11/trump-kudus-muzakere-konusu-degil
78. https://tr.sputniknews.com/abd/201610271025501553-abd-trump-israil-kudus/
79. https://tr.sputniknews.com/abd/201712081031315689-trump-beyaz-saray-hanuka-kudus/
80. https://tr.sputniknews.com/ortadogu/201703301027864446-abdnin-yeni-buyukelcisi-david-fri edman-oldu/
81. http://www.unicankara.org.tr/filistin/3.html
82. http://www.unicankara.org.tr/filistin/5.html
83. http://www.unicankara.org.tr/filistin/12.html
84. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/DDE590C6FF232007852560DF0065FDDB
85. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/6DE6DA8A650B4C3B852560DF00663826
86. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/3E28F2C76EBEA214852560DF00575C0E
87. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c/07175de9fa2de563852568d3006e10f3?OpenDocument
88. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c/a9a8da193bd46c54852560e50060c6fd?OpenDocument
89. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c/48c06a0c497863f1852560c2005beb32?OpenDocument
90. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c/e4968164bef9a51d852560c2005c30ec?OpenDocument
91. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/181c4bf00c44e5fd85256cef0073c426/160167969d45a35a8525644b0059e67e?OpenDocument
92. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/CFB4E24B399E8EFD8525644A007972E1
93. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/83E8C29DB812A4E9852560E50067A5AC
94. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/651C804E6815FB28852575DF004B7C4C
95. https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/C758572B78D1CD0085256BCF0077E51A https://www.unwatch.org/text-unsc-draft-resolution-jerusalem/ https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-trump-jerusalem/ http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/wjc-president-lauder-welcomes-us-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-we-hope-this-will-be-a-move-toward-peace-and-stability-in-the-middle-east-12-3-2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTRIHtTpc9Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vu1tnMWxhEw https://zoa.org/about/ http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2017/december/mike-evans-we-rsquo-re-in-the-middle-of-prophecy http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2017/december/biblical-timing-of-absolute-precision-john-hagee-praises-trumps-jerusalem-decision https://jru.usconsulate.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/io/