Global Response to Terrorism: Alliance of Civilizations
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 3 - 15, 30.05.2016
Naim Kapucu
Vener Garayev
Tolga Arslan
Öz
We have observed several inter - and cross-boundary conflicts through last decades. The recent wave of such conflicts is characterized by the rise of terrorism that overlooks all possible boundaries and respects no international law. The call for an alliance of civilizations in response to intolerance and terrorism requires a committed effort by the international community, both by the state institutions and civil society organizations. These efforts can overcome prejudice, misconceptions, misperceptions, and polarization of the international community. This paper addresses dominant narratives in diverse societies, with the aim of providing an effective response to emerging threats to world peace emanating from hostile perceptions that foment violence. The paper discusses cooperation between various initiatives aiming to bridge these divisions in the international community. The paper also presents examples from institutional and civil society practices, from the international community that demonstrates the capabilities and willingness to cooperate for shared values. Alliance of Civilizations movement initiated and organized by Turkey and Spain governments is an example for such a practice from the international community.
Kaynakça
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- BBC Europe. (2003, November 20). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from BBC: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3222608.stm
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- Chomsky, N. (2003). Terror and Just Response. In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 69-87). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- CNN In-Depth Specials. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from CNN: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/madrid.bombing/
- CNN Special Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from CNN: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2005/london.bombing/
- CNN World. (2005, October 2). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from CNN: http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/10/01/bali.blasts/
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- Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.
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- Huntington, S. P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Free Press.
- Kapitan, T. (2003). The Terrorism of "Terrorism". In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 47-66). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- Karliga, B. (2004). Religion, terror, war, and the need for global ethics. In E. Capan, Terror and Suicide Attacks: An Islamic Perspective. Istanbul: Mega.
- Kassam, Z. (2003). Can a Muslim Be a Terrorist? In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 114-131). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Kochler, H. (1997, September 15-17). Philosophical Foundations of Civilizational Dialogue. Retrieved June 5, 2007, from Hans Kochler: http://hanskoechler.com/civ- dial.htm
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- Puniyani, R. (2006, December 6). Civilizations: Clash or Alliance. Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Counter Currents: http://www.countercurrents.org/puniyani061206.htm
- Report on Education. (2006, February 26-28). Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Alliance of Civilizations: http://www.unaoc.org/repository/6872HLG_ReportonEducation.pdf
- Rosenthal, J. A. (2006). State of the Struggle. Washington DC: Council on Global Terrorism.
- Sahin, Bahadir, Naim Kapucu, and Ali Unlu. (2008). “Perspectives on Crisis Management in European Union Countries: United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany.” European Journal of Economic and Political Science (EJEPS) 1(1): 19-45.
- September 11 Attacks. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from MSN Encarta: http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509060/September_11_Attacks.html
- Simancas, R. (n.d.). CEPR. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Center for Economic and Policy %20English.pdf http://www.cepr.net/events/Sistema_papers/Simancas%20
- Sloan, S. (2006). Terrorism. New York: Berg.
- Sterba, J. P. (2003). Terrorism and International Justice. In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 206-228). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- UN Action to Counter-Terrorism. (2006, September 8). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/terrorism/strategy-counter-terrorism.html
- UN News Centre. (2006, May 30). Retrieved June 6, 2007, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=18677&Cr=alliance&Cr1=civili zation
- UN Press Release. (2001, November 8). Retrieved April 17, 2007, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/ga9950.doc.htm
- UN Report. (2006, November 14). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Centre for Research on Globalization: http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=20061114&art icleId=3849
- UN Report Press Release. (2006, November 13). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Alliance of Civilizations: http://www.unaoc.org/repository/report_press_release.pdf
- Wright, L. (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 3 - 15, 30.05.2016
Naim Kapucu
Vener Garayev
Tolga Arslan
Kaynakça
- Ahmed, A. (2007). Journey into Islam: The Crisis of Globalization. Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
- Alliance of Civilizations. (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2007, from Tripartite Forum on Interfaith http://www.tripartiteinterfaithforum.org/initiatiatives%20alliance.htm Cooperation for Peace:
- Annan, K. (2005, September 2). SECRETARY GENERAL. Retrieved June 2, 2007, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sgsm10073.doc.htm
- Balci, A. (2007, January 27). Medeniyetler Ittifaki ve AKP. Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Radikal: http://www.radikal.com.tr/ek_haber.php?ek=r2&haberno=6425
- Bali Bombings. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Australian Federal police: http://www.afp.gov.au/international/operations/previous_operations/bali_bombi ngs_2002
- BBC Asia Pacific. (2005, October 2). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4300274.stm
- BBC Europe. (2003, November 20). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from BBC: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3222608.stm
- BBC Indepth London Attack. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/london_blasts/what_happened/ht ml/default.stm
- Burrell, D. B. (2003). Narratives Competing for Our Souls. In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 88-100). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- Chomsky, N. (2003). Terror and Just Response. In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 69-87). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- CNN In-Depth Specials. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from CNN: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/madrid.bombing/
- CNN Special Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from CNN: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2005/london.bombing/
- CNN World. (2005, October 2). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from CNN: http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/10/01/bali.blasts/
- Esposito, J. L. (2002). Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- Etzioni, A. (2007). Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Events. (n.d.). Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Alliance of Civilizations: http://www.unaoc.org/aoc.php?page=10
- French, S. E., Kapitan, T., Chomsky, N., Burrell, D. B., Phillips, R. L., Kassam, Z., et al. (2003). Terrorism and International Justice. (J. P. Sterba, Ed.) New York: Oxford University Press.
- Friedman, T. L. (2000). The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization. New York: Anchor Books.
- Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.
- Gulf Times. (2006, February 27). Retrieved June 5, 2007, from Gulf Times: http://www.gulf- times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=74619&version=1&template_i d=57&parent_id=56
- Huntington, S. P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Free Press.
- Kapitan, T. (2003). The Terrorism of "Terrorism". In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 47-66). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- Karliga, B. (2004). Religion, terror, war, and the need for global ethics. In E. Capan, Terror and Suicide Attacks: An Islamic Perspective. Istanbul: Mega.
- Kassam, Z. (2003). Can a Muslim Be a Terrorist? In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 114-131). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Kochler, H. (1997, September 15-17). Philosophical Foundations of Civilizational Dialogue. Retrieved June 5, 2007, from Hans Kochler: http://hanskoechler.com/civ- dial.htm
- Laohaphan, K. L. (2005, October 20). Decade for Culture of Peace and Non-Violence. Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Decade for Culture of Peace and Non-Violence: http://decade-culture-of-peace.org/undebate/thailand.html
- Naumkin, V. (n.d.). Can civilizations become allies? Retrieved April 17, 2007, from Bilkent University: http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~crs/news/1.html
- Naumkin, V. (2006, February 22). RIA Novosti. Retrieved June 5, 2007, from RIA
- Novosti: http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20060222/43712744.html
- Palma Summary Notes. (2005, November 27-29). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Alliance of http://www.unaoc.org/repository/First%20Meeting%20of%20High- level%20Group%20Summary%20Notes.doc.pdf Civilizations:
- Pojman, L. P. (2003). The Moral Response to Terrorism and Cosmopolitanism. In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 135-157). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Puniyani, R. (2006, December 6). Civilizations: Clash or Alliance. Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Counter Currents: http://www.countercurrents.org/puniyani061206.htm
- Report on Education. (2006, February 26-28). Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Alliance of Civilizations: http://www.unaoc.org/repository/6872HLG_ReportonEducation.pdf
- Rosenthal, J. A. (2006). State of the Struggle. Washington DC: Council on Global Terrorism.
- Sahin, Bahadir, Naim Kapucu, and Ali Unlu. (2008). “Perspectives on Crisis Management in European Union Countries: United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany.” European Journal of Economic and Political Science (EJEPS) 1(1): 19-45.
- September 11 Attacks. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from MSN Encarta: http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509060/September_11_Attacks.html
- Simancas, R. (n.d.). CEPR. Retrieved June 6, 2007, from Center for Economic and Policy %20English.pdf http://www.cepr.net/events/Sistema_papers/Simancas%20
- Sloan, S. (2006). Terrorism. New York: Berg.
- Sterba, J. P. (2003). Terrorism and International Justice. In J. P. Sterba, Terrorism and International Justice (pp. 206-228). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
- UN Action to Counter-Terrorism. (2006, September 8). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/terrorism/strategy-counter-terrorism.html
- UN News Centre. (2006, May 30). Retrieved June 6, 2007, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=18677&Cr=alliance&Cr1=civili zation
- UN Press Release. (2001, November 8). Retrieved April 17, 2007, from United Nations: http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/ga9950.doc.htm
- UN Report. (2006, November 14). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Centre for Research on Globalization: http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=20061114&art icleId=3849
- UN Report Press Release. (2006, November 13). Retrieved June 2, 2007, from Alliance of Civilizations: http://www.unaoc.org/repository/report_press_release.pdf
- Wright, L. (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.