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Approaching Huxley’s Prognosis: The Subjugation of Science to Propaganda

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 197 - 214, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1454849

Öz

In the previous century, Sigmund Freud developed a method called psychoanalysis. By analyzing dreams, exploring the unconscious processes of the mind, and practicing the free association method, he came up with theories about human nature. According to Freud, powerful instinctual drives govern individuals and masses. He was called the archeologist of mind and argued that these primitive drives are remnants of the human’s animalistic past. If not repressed and controlled, they would have led societies into destruction and chaos. The article offers a historical overview and reflects on how authorities used psychoanalytic and scientific findings on group behavior to manipulate and control masses and eventually, to foster consumerism. The article also discusses the reasons why the Freudian theory of repression, initially serving the system of power, gradually failed to do so and thus, discusses the historical context that explains the transition into the ideology of the liberated self to serve financial purposes. Finally, the article suggests that consumerism, governing many contemporary societies, is a political ideology, not much different from types of mass control generally associated with totalitarianism.

Etik Beyan

The author declares that this article complies with ethical standards and rules.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received from any person or institution for the study.

Kaynakça

  • Aristotle. (1920). Aristotle’s politics. (B. Jowett, Trans.). OUP.
  • Bernays, E. (2005). Propaganda. Ig Publishing.
  • Ditchter, E. (1960). The strategy of desire. Garden City, Doubleday.
  • Ebeling, M. (2010). Marketing chimeras: The biovalue of branded medical devices. In M. Aronczyk & D. Powers (Eds.), Blowing up the brand: Critical perspective on promotional culture. Peter Lang Publishing Inc.
  • Ewen, S. (1996). PR!: A social history of spin. Basic Books.
  • Freud, S. (1949). Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. (J. Strachey, Trans.; Ed. E. Jones). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1921).
  • Freud, S. (1950). “՝Civilized` Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness.” Collected Papers. (Vol. II., Ed., E. Jones; J. Riviere, Trans.). Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho- Analysis. (Original work published 1908).
  • Freud, S. (1977). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. (J. Strachey, Ed. & Trans.). Norton.
  • Freud, S. (2001). On Transience. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. (Vol. XIV, 1914-1916; Ed. & Trans. J. Strachey). Vintage. (Original work published 1915).
  • Freud, S. (2002). Civilization and its discontents. (D. McLintock, Trans.). Penguin Books. (Original work published 1930).
  • Hrebeniak, M. (2006). Action writing: Jack Kerouac’s Wild Form. Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Huxley, A. (2000). Brave new world revisited. Rosetta Books LLC.
  • Jones, E. (1961). The life and works of Sigmund Freud. Basic Books.
  • Koonz, C. (2003). The Nazi Conscience. Cambridge, London, Massachusetts. HUP.
  • Le Bon, G. (2009). The crowd: A study of the popular mind. Library of Congress Catalog. (Original work published 1915).
  • Lippmann, W. (1997). Public opinion. Free Press Paperbacks. (Original work published 1922)
  • Marcuse, H. (1974). Eros and civilization: A philosophical inquiry into Freud. Beacon Press.
  • Marcuse, H. (1991). One-dimensional man: Studies in the ideology of advanced industrial society. Beacon Press. (Original work published 1964).
  • Oxford Dictionary. (2012a). Propaganda. Def.1. In Oxford Dictionary Online. OUP. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  • Oxford Dictionary. (2012b). Public relations. Def. In Oxford Dictionary Online. OUP. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  • Packard, V. (2007). The hidden persuaders. Ig Publishing. (Original work published 1957).
  • Sontag, S. (1974). Fascinating Fascism. The New York Review of Books, February 6, 1975. (Republished in Under the Sign of Saturn, New York, 1980, pp. 73-105).
  • Strauss, S. (1924). Things are in the saddle. The Atlantic Monthly, Novemver, 577-588.
  • Trotter, W. (2005). Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War. Cosimo, Inc. (Original work published 1916).
  • Tye, L. (1998). The father of spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations. Henry Hold and Company, LLC.
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 197 - 214, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1454849

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aristotle. (1920). Aristotle’s politics. (B. Jowett, Trans.). OUP.
  • Bernays, E. (2005). Propaganda. Ig Publishing.
  • Ditchter, E. (1960). The strategy of desire. Garden City, Doubleday.
  • Ebeling, M. (2010). Marketing chimeras: The biovalue of branded medical devices. In M. Aronczyk & D. Powers (Eds.), Blowing up the brand: Critical perspective on promotional culture. Peter Lang Publishing Inc.
  • Ewen, S. (1996). PR!: A social history of spin. Basic Books.
  • Freud, S. (1949). Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. (J. Strachey, Trans.; Ed. E. Jones). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1921).
  • Freud, S. (1950). “՝Civilized` Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness.” Collected Papers. (Vol. II., Ed., E. Jones; J. Riviere, Trans.). Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho- Analysis. (Original work published 1908).
  • Freud, S. (1977). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. (J. Strachey, Ed. & Trans.). Norton.
  • Freud, S. (2001). On Transience. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. (Vol. XIV, 1914-1916; Ed. & Trans. J. Strachey). Vintage. (Original work published 1915).
  • Freud, S. (2002). Civilization and its discontents. (D. McLintock, Trans.). Penguin Books. (Original work published 1930).
  • Hrebeniak, M. (2006). Action writing: Jack Kerouac’s Wild Form. Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Huxley, A. (2000). Brave new world revisited. Rosetta Books LLC.
  • Jones, E. (1961). The life and works of Sigmund Freud. Basic Books.
  • Koonz, C. (2003). The Nazi Conscience. Cambridge, London, Massachusetts. HUP.
  • Le Bon, G. (2009). The crowd: A study of the popular mind. Library of Congress Catalog. (Original work published 1915).
  • Lippmann, W. (1997). Public opinion. Free Press Paperbacks. (Original work published 1922)
  • Marcuse, H. (1974). Eros and civilization: A philosophical inquiry into Freud. Beacon Press.
  • Marcuse, H. (1991). One-dimensional man: Studies in the ideology of advanced industrial society. Beacon Press. (Original work published 1964).
  • Oxford Dictionary. (2012a). Propaganda. Def.1. In Oxford Dictionary Online. OUP. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  • Oxford Dictionary. (2012b). Public relations. Def. In Oxford Dictionary Online. OUP. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  • Packard, V. (2007). The hidden persuaders. Ig Publishing. (Original work published 1957).
  • Sontag, S. (1974). Fascinating Fascism. The New York Review of Books, February 6, 1975. (Republished in Under the Sign of Saturn, New York, 1980, pp. 73-105).
  • Strauss, S. (1924). Things are in the saddle. The Atlantic Monthly, Novemver, 577-588.
  • Trotter, W. (2005). Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War. Cosimo, Inc. (Original work published 1916).
  • Tye, L. (1998). The father of spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations. Henry Hold and Company, LLC.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyal Değişim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Henrieta Krupa 0000-0003-3066-8813

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 29 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Krupa, H. (2024). Approaching Huxley’s Prognosis: The Subjugation of Science to Propaganda. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 17(2), 197-214. https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1454849

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