Structural characteristics and problems of the Presidential System in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5 S, 1432 - 1451, 05.10.2017

Nurbek Khairmukhanmedov

https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.312098

Cited By: 1

Öz

After the collapse of Soviet Union and till to the
present days the Republic of Kazakhstan has been ruled by the presidential system.
The most important factor that distinguishes the presidential system from the
authoritarian regimes is that the principle of separation of powers, and the
possibility of this principle to imolement politically and legally. In
Kazakhstan, the president has a power and status as an arbitrator among the all
branches of power. Due to the strong veto and appointment competence the
Constitution of Kazakhstan gives constitutional authority to the President to
control all branches of power in spite of the fact that the principle
separation of powers is constitutionally approved. Nonfunctional mechanism of
check and balance system among the power branches, legislative function of the
President are part of the structural problems of the presidential system in Kazakhstan.
In this study analysed the historical development periods and structural
challenges of presidential system of Kazakhstan. On the one hand, the
presidential system of Kazakhstan have been taking a positive role in the
period of nation-state building process, strengthen the independence, maintain
the unitary  sturcture of state. On the
other hand, the structural problems of the presidential system in Kazakhstan
are evaluated in terms of the principle of separation of powers, and have given
a conclusion regarding to the constitutional system and the political regime.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kazakhstan, presidential system, principle of separation of power

Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti’ndeki Başkanlık Sisteminin yapısal özelliği ve sorunları

Öz

Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından günümüze kadar
Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti başakanlık sistemiyle yönetil-mektedir. Başkanlık
sistemini otoriter rejimlerden ayırt eden en önemli faktör, siyasi ve hukuki
olarak kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesinin işliyor olmasıdır. Kazakistan’da devlet
başkanı yönetimin bütün erkleri üzerinde hakem konu-munda bir anayasal statüye
ve yetkiye sahiptir. Kazakistan Anayasası kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesini
benimsemesine rağmen, Cumhurbaşkanının geniş çaplı veto ve atama yetkisi bütün
erkleri kontrolünde tutmasını sağlayan anayasal yetki vermektedir. Anayasadaki
denetim ve dengeleme ilkesinin Cumhurbaşkanına yönelik işlevsiz kalması,
Cumhurbaşkanının yasama fonksyonunu icra edebilmesi gibi hususlar
Kazakistan’daki başkanlık sis-teminin yapısal sorunlarının bir parçasıdır. Bu
çalışmada Kazakistan’ın başkanlık sisteminin tarihsel gelişme süreçleri,
yapısal özelliği incelenmektedir. Bir taraftan Kazakistan’daki başkanlık
sisteminin ulus-devlet inşası ve bağımsızlık sürecindeki önemi, devletin üniter
yapısını korumadaki rölü değerlendirilir. Diğer taraftan, Kazaki-stan’daki
başkanlık sisteminin yapısal sorunları kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesi açısından
değerlendirilerek, anayasal sistem, rejim niteliği hakkında sonuç
yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kazakistan, başkanlık sistemi, kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesi

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