Araştırma Makalesi
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Modern Sürrealist Sinemada Görsel Mekânın Estetiği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 11, 77 - 96, 30.12.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, modern sürrealist sinemada görsel mekânın estetik, psikanalitik ve
sanat tarihi perspektiflerinden nasıl kurgulandığını incelemektedir. 20. Yüzyılın
başında André Breton’un Sürrealizm Manifestosu (1924) ile tanımlanan bilinçdışı
estetiği, günümüzde yalnızca anlatısal bir öğe değil görsel düşüncenin uzamı
olarak yeniden biçimlenmiştir. Araştırma, bu dönüşümün çağdaş sinemada Ari
Aster, Robert Eggers ve Yorgos Lanthimos gibi üç yönetmen üzerinden nasıl
gerçekleştiğini tartışır. Bu yönetmenlerin filmleri (The Lighthouse, Beau Is
Afraid, Poor Things) aracılığıyla sürrealist estetiğin rüya anlatımından
“tablolaşmış bilinçdışı” biçimine evrildiği öne sürülmektedir. Türkçe literatürde,
modern sürrealist akımların görsel mekânı dijital bağlamda nasıl kullandığına ve
bilişsel mekân kavramının inşasına dair derinlemesine bir analiz eksikliği
bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, sinematografik mekânın, rasyonel aklın kabul
edemediği 'saf psikolojik otomatizm'i somutlaştırmada oynadığı kritik rolü
inceleyerek bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma
yaklaşımıyla ve betimsel/yorumlayıcı film analizi yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür;
filmler sahne düzeyinde çözümlenmiştir. Kuramsal çerçevede Freud’un
“tekinsizlik”, Deleuze’ün “zaman-imge” ve Flusser’in “teknolojik imge”
kavramları temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, modern sürrealist sinemada
bilinçdışının yalnızca tematik değil, mekânsal bir yapı olarak kurulduğunu
göstermektedir. Işık ve renk psikanalitik anlamların taşıyıcısına dönüşmüş,
çerçeve bozulması ve zaman kırılması, rüyanın yapısal öğeleri olarak yeniden
yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, modern sürrealist sinemada görsel mekân,
bilinçdışının tablolaşmış yüzeyine dönüşmüş; bilinçdışı artık yazılan değil,
görülen bir olgudur.

Kaynakça

  • Barthes, R. (1981). Camera lucida: Reflections on photography. Hill and Wang. https://doi.org/10.2307/778174
  • Modern Sürrealist Sinemada Görsel Mekânın Estetiği Cilt. 5, Sayı. 11, 77-96, Aralık, 2025
  • Bellmer, H. (1985). The doll. Atlas Press. (Original work published 1934)
  • Berger, J. (1972). Ways of Seeing. London: BBC & Penguin.
  • Bergson, H. (1986). Matter and memory (N. M. Paul & W. S. Palmer, Trans.). Zone Books. (Original work published 1896) https://archive.org/details/matterandmemory00berguoft
  • Breton, A. (1969). Manifestoes of surrealism (R. Seaver & H. R. Lane, Trans.). University of Michigan Press. (Original work published 1924)
  • Deleuze, G. (1986). Cinema 1: The movement-image (H. Tomlinson & B. Habberjam, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.cttttw0q
  • Deleuze, G. (1989). Cinema 2: The time-image (H. Tomlinson & R. Galeta, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.cttttw0r
  • Elkins, J. (1999). The domain of images. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Elsaesser, T., & Hagener, M. (2015). Film theory: An introduction through the senses (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315759638
  • Flitterman-Lewis, S. (1993). Surrealist cinema: Politics, history, and the language of dreams. American Imago, 50(4), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.2307/26303950
  • Flusser, V. (1999). The shape of things: A philosophy of design. Reaktion Books.
  • Foster, H. (1993). Compulsive beauty. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262560287
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203995434
  • Freud, S. (1919). The uncanny (D. McLintock, Trans.). Penguin. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429476537
  • Freud, S. (1953). The interpretation of dreams. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vols. 4–5). Hogarth Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/10588-000
  • Freud, S. (1957). Repression. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14). Hogarth Press.
  • Freud, S. (1960). The ego and the id. W. W. Norton. (Original work published 1923). https://doi.org/10.1037/11192-000
  • Gombrich, E. H. (2000). Art and illusion: A study in the psychology of pictorial representation (Millennium ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1960)
  • Ilie, P. (1972). Review of Surrealism & Cinema by J. H. Matthews. Diacritics, 2(4), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/464506
  • Jung, C. G. (1964). Man and his symbols. Doubleday. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315782278
  • Lacan, J. (2006). Écrits: The first complete edition in English (B. Fink, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Loftus, J. (n.d.). A surrealist film review: Un Chien Andalou's conceit on enlightened thinking. Medium. https://loftusjoy.medium.com/a-surrealist-film-review-un-chien-andalous-conceit-on-enlightened-thinking-e5b794fd1a57 (Erişim: 15 Eylül 2025)
  • Marks, L. U. (2000). The skin of the film: Intercultural cinema, embodiment, and the senses. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822381372
  • Matthews, J. H. (1971). Surrealism and film. University of Michigan Press.
  • Matthews, J. H. (1986). Languages Of Surrealism. University Of Missouri Press, Columbia.
  • Mitchell, W. J. T. (1987). Iconology: Image, text, ideology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Moine, R., & Taminiaux, P. (2006). From surrealist cinema to surrealism in cinema: Does a surrealist genre exist in film? Yale French Studies, 109, 98–114. https://doi.org/10.2307/4149288
  • International Journal of Troy Art and Design Vol. 5, No. 11, 77-96, December, 2025
  • Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6
  • Ormanlı, O. (2011). Başlangıç Filminde Psikanalitik Öğeler Ve Rüya Olgusu. Yedi, 6, 55-62.
  • Sylvester, D. (1987). The brutality of fact: Interviews with Francis Bacon (Rev. ed.). London, England: Thames & Hudson. (Original work published 1975).
  • The Cinema Cartography. (2021, May 20). The Lighthouse – Freudian psychoanalysis [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpWhTlj4gLw (Erişim: 27 Ağustos 2025)
  • Ural, G., A. (2019). Mimarlık ve sinema ilişkisi içerisinde sürrealist mekan yaratma konusunda sinematografik yaklaşımlar (Yüksek lisans tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339617543
  • Williams, L. (1992). When the Woman Looks. In T. Doane, M. Mellencamp & L. Williams (Eds.), The Sexual Subject: A Screen Reader in Sexuality (pp. 15–30). New York: Routledge.

The Aesthetics of Visual Space in Modern Surrealist Cinema

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 11, 77 - 96, 30.12.2025

Öz

This study examines how visual space is constructed in modern surrealist cinema
from aesthetic, psychoanalytic, and art historical perspectives. The aesthetic of
the unconscious, defined by André Breton’s Surrealism Manifesto (1924) at the
beginning of the 20th century, has been reshaped today not merely as a narrative
element, but as the space of visual thought. The research discusses how this
transformation takes place in contemporary cinema through three directors: Ari
Aster, Robert Eggers, and Yorgos Lanthimos. It is proposed that the surrealist
aesthetic has evolved from dream narrative to the form of a “pictorialized
unconscious” through these directors' films (The Lighthouse, Beau Is Afraid,
Poor Things). There is a lack of in-depth analysis in Turkish literature,
particularly concerning how modern surrealist movements use visual space in a
digital context and the construction of the cognitive space concept. This study
aims to fill this gap by examining the critical role cinematic space plays in
embodying the 'pure psychological automatism' that rational consciousness
cannot accept. The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach
and descriptive/interpretive film analysis method; the films were analyzed at the
scene level. The theoretical framework is based on Freud's "uncanny," Deleuze's
"time-image," and Flusser's "technological image" concepts. The findings show
that in modern surrealist cinema, the unconscious is constructed not only as a
thematic element but also as a spatial structure. Light and color have become
carriers of psychoanalytic meanings, and frame distortion and time fragmentation
are reinterpreted as structural elements of the dream. Consequently, visual space
in modern surrealist cinema has moved beyond the dream-aesthetic of classical
surrealism, transforming into the pictorialized surface of the unconscious; the
unconscious is no longer written but seen.

Kaynakça

  • Barthes, R. (1981). Camera lucida: Reflections on photography. Hill and Wang. https://doi.org/10.2307/778174
  • Modern Sürrealist Sinemada Görsel Mekânın Estetiği Cilt. 5, Sayı. 11, 77-96, Aralık, 2025
  • Bellmer, H. (1985). The doll. Atlas Press. (Original work published 1934)
  • Berger, J. (1972). Ways of Seeing. London: BBC & Penguin.
  • Bergson, H. (1986). Matter and memory (N. M. Paul & W. S. Palmer, Trans.). Zone Books. (Original work published 1896) https://archive.org/details/matterandmemory00berguoft
  • Breton, A. (1969). Manifestoes of surrealism (R. Seaver & H. R. Lane, Trans.). University of Michigan Press. (Original work published 1924)
  • Deleuze, G. (1986). Cinema 1: The movement-image (H. Tomlinson & B. Habberjam, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.cttttw0q
  • Deleuze, G. (1989). Cinema 2: The time-image (H. Tomlinson & R. Galeta, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.cttttw0r
  • Elkins, J. (1999). The domain of images. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Elsaesser, T., & Hagener, M. (2015). Film theory: An introduction through the senses (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315759638
  • Flitterman-Lewis, S. (1993). Surrealist cinema: Politics, history, and the language of dreams. American Imago, 50(4), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.2307/26303950
  • Flusser, V. (1999). The shape of things: A philosophy of design. Reaktion Books.
  • Foster, H. (1993). Compulsive beauty. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262560287
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203995434
  • Freud, S. (1919). The uncanny (D. McLintock, Trans.). Penguin. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429476537
  • Freud, S. (1953). The interpretation of dreams. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vols. 4–5). Hogarth Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/10588-000
  • Freud, S. (1957). Repression. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14). Hogarth Press.
  • Freud, S. (1960). The ego and the id. W. W. Norton. (Original work published 1923). https://doi.org/10.1037/11192-000
  • Gombrich, E. H. (2000). Art and illusion: A study in the psychology of pictorial representation (Millennium ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1960)
  • Ilie, P. (1972). Review of Surrealism & Cinema by J. H. Matthews. Diacritics, 2(4), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/464506
  • Jung, C. G. (1964). Man and his symbols. Doubleday. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315782278
  • Lacan, J. (2006). Écrits: The first complete edition in English (B. Fink, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Loftus, J. (n.d.). A surrealist film review: Un Chien Andalou's conceit on enlightened thinking. Medium. https://loftusjoy.medium.com/a-surrealist-film-review-un-chien-andalous-conceit-on-enlightened-thinking-e5b794fd1a57 (Erişim: 15 Eylül 2025)
  • Marks, L. U. (2000). The skin of the film: Intercultural cinema, embodiment, and the senses. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822381372
  • Matthews, J. H. (1971). Surrealism and film. University of Michigan Press.
  • Matthews, J. H. (1986). Languages Of Surrealism. University Of Missouri Press, Columbia.
  • Mitchell, W. J. T. (1987). Iconology: Image, text, ideology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Moine, R., & Taminiaux, P. (2006). From surrealist cinema to surrealism in cinema: Does a surrealist genre exist in film? Yale French Studies, 109, 98–114. https://doi.org/10.2307/4149288
  • International Journal of Troy Art and Design Vol. 5, No. 11, 77-96, December, 2025
  • Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6
  • Ormanlı, O. (2011). Başlangıç Filminde Psikanalitik Öğeler Ve Rüya Olgusu. Yedi, 6, 55-62.
  • Sylvester, D. (1987). The brutality of fact: Interviews with Francis Bacon (Rev. ed.). London, England: Thames & Hudson. (Original work published 1975).
  • The Cinema Cartography. (2021, May 20). The Lighthouse – Freudian psychoanalysis [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpWhTlj4gLw (Erişim: 27 Ağustos 2025)
  • Ural, G., A. (2019). Mimarlık ve sinema ilişkisi içerisinde sürrealist mekan yaratma konusunda sinematografik yaklaşımlar (Yüksek lisans tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339617543
  • Williams, L. (1992). When the Woman Looks. In T. Doane, M. Mellencamp & L. Williams (Eds.), The Sexual Subject: A Screen Reader in Sexuality (pp. 15–30). New York: Routledge.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sinema (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Elif Nur Saraç 0009-0009-0298-3673

Sedef Saraç 0000-0002-0177-808X

Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 4 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 11

Kaynak Göster

APA Saraç, E. N., & Saraç, S. (2025). Modern Sürrealist Sinemada Görsel Mekânın Estetiği. International Journal of Troy Art and Design, 5(11), 77-96.