Dönüştürücü Liderlik, İletişim Yetkinliği ve İletişim Memnuniyetinin Çalışanların İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Rolü

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 49, 48 - 68, 20.12.2019

Bülent Ulutürk Recep Tayfun

Öz

Bu makale, havaalanı güvenlik çalışanlarının dönüştürücü liderlik ve iletişim uygulamalarına yönelik tutumlarının, iletişim ve iş tatminleri ile ilişkisini incelemektedir. Çalışma, iletişim memnuniyetinin aracılık rolünü de göz önünde bulundurarak dönüştürücü liderlik ve iletişim yetkinliğinin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye’de özel bir güvenlik şirketinin çalışanları arasında yapılan anket sonuçlarına dayanmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, çalışanların yöneticilerine ilişkin dönüştürücü liderlik tutumlarının onların iletişim ve iş tatminlerini önemli derecede etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, çalışanların iletişim memnuniyetinin, onların dönüştürücü liderlik tutumları, iletişim yetkinlikleri ve iş tatmini düzeyleri arasında aracılık rolü üstlendiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liderlik, Dönüştürücü Liderlik, İletişim Yetkinliği, İletişim Memnuniyeti, İş Tatmini.

The Roles of Transformational Leadership, Communication Competence and Communication Satisfaction on Employees’ Job Satisfaction

Öz

This article explores how the perceptions of airport security employees’ transformational leadership and communication practices are associated with their communication and job satisfaction. Specifically, the study investigates the effects of transformational leadership and communication competence on job satisfaction by considering the mediating role of communication satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among employees of a private security company in Turkey. The results of the study show that employee perceptions of transformational leadership influence their perceptions of communication and job satisfaction. Moreover, employee communication satisfaction mediated the relationship between employee perceptions of transformational leadership, communication competence and their job satisfaction level. Implications for research and practice are also discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Communication Competence, Communication Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction.

Kaynakça

• Abdullah, A. A., Islam, R., & Al-Homayan, A. M. (2013). The effect of leadership style on security guards’ performance: A case study on Riyadh military hospital in Saudi Arabia. Advances in Environmental Biology, 7(9), 2633-2641.
• Abdullah, Z., & Hui, J. (2014). The relationship between communication satisfaction and teachers’ job satisfaction in the Malaysian primary school. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2), 58-71.
• Agho, A. O. Price J. L., & Mueller, C. W. (1992). Discriminant validity of measures of job satisfaction, positive affectivity and negative affectivity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 65, 185-196.
• Albloshi, F.A., & Nawar, Y.S. (2015). Assessing the impact of leadership styles on organizational performance: The case of Saudi private SME’s. Journal of Organizational Studies and Innovation, 2(2), 66-77.
• Anyango, C., Ojera, P., & Ochieng, I. (2015). Employee Characteristics and Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(6), 2607-2610.
• Anyango, C., & Aila, F. (2017). Employee voice and job satisfaction among security guards. International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology. 4(2), 25-34.
• Asrar-ul-Haq, M. & Anwar, S. (2018). The many faces of leadership: Proposing research agenda through a review of literature. Future Business Journal, 4(2), 179-188.
• Awamleh, R., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). Perceptions of leader charisma and effectiveness: The effects of vision content, delivery, and organizational performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(3), 345-373.
• Aydogmus, C., Camgoz, S. M., Ergeneli, A., & Ekmekci, O. T. (2018). Perceptions of transformational leadership and job satisfaction: The roles of personality traits and psychological empowerment. Journal of Management and Organization, 24(1), 81-107.
• Baeriswyl, S., Krause, A., & Schwaninger, A. (2016). Emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction in airport security officers – work–family conflict as mediator in the job demands– resources model. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(1), 1-13.
• Baker, D. (2015). Tourism and terrorism: Terrorists threat to commercial aviation safety & security. International Journal of Safety & Security in Hospitality & Tourism, 12(1), 21-40.
• Bakotic, D. (2016). Relationship between job satisfaction and organizational performance. Economic Research, 29(1), 118-130.
• Banfield, P., & Kay, R. (2012). Introduction to Human Resource Management, (2nd ed.). UK: Oxford University Press.
• Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W.L., & Guler, C.E. (2016). A metaanalytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634-652.
• Barnett, D. (2017). Leadership and job satisfaction: Adjunct faculty at a for-profit university. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 4(3), 53-63.
• Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B.J. (1994), Introduction. In B.M Bass & B.J. Avolio,(Eds.), Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership (1-9). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Bitzan, J. D., & Peoples, J. H. (2017). Introduction. In J.D. Bitzan & J.H. Peoples (Eds.) The Economics of Airport Operations: Advances in Airline Economics (1 – 14). WA, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited.
• Brayfield, A.H., & Rothe, H.F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), 307-311.
• Burns, M. J. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
• Carriere, J., & Bourque, C. (2009). The effects of organizational communication on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a land ambulance service and the mediating role of communication satisfaction. Career Development International, 14(1), 29-49.
• Cetin, M., Karabay, M.E., & Efe, M. N. (2012). The Effects of leadership styles and the communication competency of bank managers on the employee’s job satisfaction: The case of Turkish banks. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 227-235.
• Chan, S.H.J., & Lai, H.Y.I. (2017). Understanding the link between communication satisfaction, perceived justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Research. 70, 214-223.
• Choi1, J., & Jang, Y. (2018). A study on job anxiety, turnover intention and job satisfaction of aviation security search employees. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 120(6), 5703-5717.
• Conrad, C., & Poole, M.S. (1998). Strategic Organizational Communication: Into The Twenty-First Century (4th ed.). Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
• Downs, C., & Hazen, M. (1977). A factor analytic study of communication satisfaction. Journal of Business Communication, 14(3), 63-67.
• Drucker, P. F. (2011). The Practice of Management. (Revised Edition). Abingdon: Routledge.
• Engin, E., & Akgoz, B.E. (2013). The effects of communication satisfaction on organizational commitment. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences. 14(2), 109-124.
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981) Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39- 50.
• Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C.E. (2018). Leadership: A Communcation Perspective (7th ed.). Long Grove; IL: Waveland Press.
• Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
• Hecht, M.L. (1978). Measures of communication satisfaction. Human Communication Research. 4(4), 350-368.
• Henderson, L. S. (2008). The impact of project managers’ communication competencies: validation and extension of a research model for virtuality, satisfaction, and productivity on project teams. Project Management Journal, 39(2), 48-59.
• Henne, D., & Locke, E.A. (1985). Job dissatisfaction: What are the consequences?. International Journal of Psychology, 20(2), 221-240.
• Hua, W., & Omar, B. (2016). Examining communication satisfaction, confucian work dynamism and job satisfaction: A comparative study of international and domestic hotels in Hainan, China. The Journal of the South East Asia Research Centre for Communication and Humanities, 8(1), 105-127.
• Hulin, C.L., & Judge, T.A. (2003). Job attitudes. In W.C. Borman, D.R. Ilgen & R.J. Klimoski (Eds). Handbook of Psychology: Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 255-276). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
• Jablin, F. M. (2004). Communication. In G.R. Goethals, G.J. Sorenson & J. MacGregor Burns (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Leadership (pp. 222-227). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Judge, T.A., & Piccolo, R.F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768.
• Lim, S.S., & Nalla, M.K. (2014). Attitudes of private security officers in Singapore toward their work environment. Journal of Applied Security Research, 9(1), 41-56.
• Locke, E.A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 4(4), 309-336.
• Locke, E.A. (1976). The nature of causes of job satisfaction. In M.D. Dunnette (Ed.). Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp.1297-1349). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
• Lucas, G.H., Parasuraman, A., Davis, R.A., & Enis, B.M. (1987). An empirical study of salesforce turnover. Journal of Marketing, 51(3), 34-59.
• Luthra, A., & Dahiya, R. (2015). Effective leadership is all about communicating effectively: Connecting leadership and communication. International Journal of Management & Business Studies, 5(3), 43-48.
• MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Rich, G. A. (2001) Transformational and transactional leadership and salesperson performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(2), 115-134.
• Madlock, P. E. (2008). The link between leadership style, communicator competence, and employee satisfaction. International Journal of Business Communication, 45(1), 61-78.
• Madlock, P. E. (2012). The Influence of supervisors’ leadership on telecommuters. Journal of Business Strategies, 29(1), 1-24.
• Mahdian, M. J., & Poor, M. Z. (2014). A study of the relationship between leadership styles and employees’ behavioural outcomes with respect to the mediating role of organizational politics. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4(3), 292-299.
• Martin, J.K., & Miller, G.A. (1986). Job satisfaction and absenteeism: Organizational, individual, and job-related correlates. Work and Occupatians, 13(1), 33-46.
• Megginson W. L., & Netter, J.M. (2001). From state to market: A survey of empirical studies on privatization. Journal of Economic Literature, 39, 321–89.
• Men, L.R. (2014). Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(2), 1-21.
• Meyers, L.S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A.J. (2006). Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Mikkelson, A.C., York, J.A., & Arritola, J. (2015). Communication competence, leadership behaviors, and employee outcomes in supervisor-employee relationships.Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 78(3), 336-354.
• Miller, K., & Barbour, J. (2014). Organizational Communication: Approaches and Processes (7th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
• Monge, P.R., Backman, S.G., Dillard, J.P., & Eisenburg, E.M. (1982). Communicator competence in the workplace: Model testing and scale development. Communication Yearbook, 5, 505-528.
• Morreale, S.P., Spitzberg, B.H., & Barge, J.K. (2007). Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, and Skills. (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth
• Mowday, R.T., Steers, L.W., & Porter, R.M. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment Absenteeism and Turnover. New York, NY:Academic Press.
• Mujkic, A., Sehic, D., Rahimic, Z., & Jusic, J. (2014). Transformational leadership and employee satisfaction. Ekonomski Vjesnik, 27(2), 259-270.
• Mushtaq, A., Ahmad, N., & Shafiq, M. (2015). Job satisfaction and work commitment among security agencies of Kashmir: A comparative study. European Academic Research, 2 (1), 14660-14673.
• Nalla, M. K., Paek, S. Y., & Lim, S.S. (2016). The influence of organizational and environmental factors on job satisfaction among security guards in Singapore. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 50(4), 548–565.
• Nalla, M.K., & Cobbina, J. E. (2017). Environmental factors and job satisfaction: The case of private security guards. Security Journal, 30(1), 215-226.
• Noreen, S. G., & Dominic, U. (2017). The effects of working conditions of private security guards on job satisfaction. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22 (3), 48-53.
• Aydogmus, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and Practice (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Onyelankea, I. K. (2017). Work-Life balance and employee’s job satisfaction of rivate security firms in Port Harcourt. Scholarly Journal of Science Research and Essay, 6(4), 99-104.
• Pavalache-Illie, M. (2014). Organizational citizenship behaviour, work satisfaction and employees’ personality. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 489-493.
• Pincus, J.D. (1986). Communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance. Human Communication Research, 12(3), 395-419.
• Platis, C., Reklitis, P., & Zimeras, S. (2015). Relation between job satisfaction and job performance in healthcare services. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175, 480-487.
• Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
• Rafferty, A.E., & Griffin, M.A. (2009). Job satisfaction in organizational research. In D.A. Buchanan & A. Bryman (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Organizational Research Methods (196-212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Ruben, B.D., & Gigliotti, R.A. (2016). Leadership as social influence: An expanded view of leadership communication theory and practice. Journal of Leadership &Organizational Studies, 23(4), 467-479.
• Saari, L.M., & Judge, T.A. (2004). Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43(4), 395-407.
• Sabella, S.A. (2016). Stratified leadership components and needs within public rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(1), 41-53.
• Saliu, A.Y., Gbadeyan, R. A., & Olujide, J. O. (2015). Organizational commitment and job satisfaction of security operatives in selected tertiary institutions in Kwara state. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(4), 43-49.
• Smith, P.C., Kendall, L.M., & Hulin, C.L. (1969). The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
• Spector, P.E. (1997). Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Cause and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Spitzberg, B.H., & Cupach, W.R. (1989). Handbook of Interpersonal Competence Research. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
• Srivastava, S. (2013). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment relationship: Effect of personality variables. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 17(2), 159- 167.
• Steden, R. V., & Nalla, M. K. (2010). Citizen satisfaction with private security guards in the Netherlands: Perceptions of an ambiguous occupation. European Journal of Criminology, 7(3), 214–234.
• Steele, G.A. & Plenty, D. (2014). Supervisor–Subordinate communication competence and job and communication satisfaction. International Journal of Business Communication, 52(3), 294-318.
• Tayfun, R., & Uluturk, B. (2016). Assessing the effects of supervisory communication, job satisfaction, and perceived organizational support on organizational commitment. Turkish Journal of Security Studies, 18(2), 15-36.
• Terek, E., Nikolic, M., Gligorovic, B., Glusac, D., & Tasic, I. (2015). The impact of leadership on the communication satisfaction of primary school teachers in Serbia. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(1), 73-84.
• Thayer, L. (1968). Communication and communication systems. Homewood, IL:Richard D. Irwin.
• Top, M., Tarcan, M., Tekingunduz, S., & Hikmet, N. (2013). An analysis of relationships among transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in two Turkish hospitals. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 28(3), 217-241.
• Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., & Heidenrich, S. (2013). Leadership in the context of temporary organizations: A study on the effects of transactional and transformational leadership on followers’ commitment in projects. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(4), 376-393.
• Walsh, W.F., Whetstone, T., Banton, M.P., Brodeur, J.P., & Kelling, G. L. (2018). Police: Law Enforcement. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/police.
• White, A. (2010). The Politics of Private Security: Regulation, Reform and ReLegitimation. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmiillan Ltd.
• Vinger, G., & Cilliers, F. (2006). Effective transformational leadership behaviours for managing change. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(2), 1-9.