Parasosyal İli̇şki̇: Kavramsal Bi̇r Çerçeve

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 48, 257 - 277, 28.06.2019

Sibel Fügan Neşe Kars Tayanç

Öz

Bu çalışmada, izleyicilerin medya karakterleriyle kurduğu tek yanlı ve hayali ilişkiyi ifade eden parasosyal ilişkinin kavramsal bir çerçevesinin çizilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, ortaya çıkmasında etkili faktörler, özellikleri, türleri, gelişim süreci ve izleyici üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır. Yapılan alanyazın taraması sonucunda, parasosyal ilişkinin kitle iletişim aracının, programın, medya karakterinin ve izleyicinin özelliklerine bağlı olarak geliştiği, farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim kategorilerinde farklı parasosyal ilişki kalıplarının görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın vardığı sonuçlardan biri de yalnızlık, reddedilme korkusu, bağlanma kaygısı, aidiyet ihtiyacı gibi psikolojik faktörlerin ve bilişsel empati kurabilme gibi bilişsel faktörlerin de parasosyal ilişkinin gelişimini etkilediğidir. Parasosyal ilişkinin tek yanlı ve hayali bir ilişki olduğu, ünlü kişilerle kurulduğu ve gerçek hayattaki ilişkilere benzerlik gösterdiği, bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal süreçler içinde geliştiği, aşk, arkadaşlık, idolleştirme, aile odaklılık, duygudaşlık, sosyal deneyim yaşama gibi türlerinin bulunduğu ve medyanın izleyici üzerindeki etkilerini kolaylaştırdığı da çalışmanın ulaştığı sonuçlar arasındadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parasosyal İlişki, Parasosyal Etkileşim, İzleyici, Medya Karakteri.

Parasocial Relationship: A Conceptual Framework

Öz

The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework on “parasocial relationship” (PSR) which refers to a one-sided and imaginary relationship developed between audience and media personas. For this purpose, the factors leading to the development of PSR, and its features, types, development process and audience effects are discussed. The literature review conducted has revealed that the development of PSR varies with the characteristics of medium, genre, media persona and audience, that different PSR patterns may be experienced by people of different age, gender and education level, and that psychological factors such as loneliness, fear of rejection, attachment anxiety and need-to-belong, and cognitive factors like cognitive empathy also affect the development of PSR. Other findings of the paper include that the characteristics of PSR include, without limitation, that it is developed with famous people, and its similarity with ortho-social relationships, besides its one-sidedness and imaginariness, that PSR develops in cognitive, affective and behavioural processes and has various types such as love, friendship, idolisation, family oriented, sympathetic and engagement in social experience, and that PSR facilitates media effects on audience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parasocial Relationship, Parasocial Interaction, Audience, Media Character.

Kaynakça

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