Dijital Propagandanın Yeni Bir Versiyonu: Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşı Örneğinde Deepfake Dokümanlar Üzerine Bir Analiz

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 66, 116 - 139, 26.03.2024

Başak Akmeşe , Raci Taşcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.1339733

Öz

Algoritmik görsel ve işitsel manipülasyon olarak da tanımlanan deepfake dokümanları, bireylerin tahrif edilmiş bilgilerinin kendi rızası dışında medyaya servis edilmesini mümkün hale getirmiştir. Başlı başına sahte olan bilgiler toplumda dezenformasyon ve propaganda aracına dönüşebilmektedir. Savaş dönemi propaganda faaliyetlerinin konu edinildiği bu araştırmada, deepfake dokümanların dijital propaganda bağlamında nasıl kullanıldığının ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu açıdan deepfake dokümanların ilk kez bir savaş ortamında propaganda amaçlı kullanılması ve dijital propagandanın yeni bir versiyonu olarak hayata geçirilmesi bu araştırmayı hem önemli hale getirmekte hem de özgün kılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Ukrayna-Rusya savaşı sürecinde deepfake dokümanlarının dijital propaganda aracı olarak nasıl ve hangi amaçla kullanıldığı ele alınmıştır. Dijital ortamda kullanılan deepfake dokümanları ile ilgili ülke devlet başkanları ve halkının mücadelesi betimleyici bir yaklaşımla analiz edilmektedir. Bu araştırma çerçevesinde, olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen dört deepfake dokümanı incelenmiştir.
Araştırmanın sonucunda; Rusya’nın siber saldırılarına maruz kalan Ukrayna’nın deepfake dokümanları neticesinde olası propagandalar için halkını önceden uyardığı, hızlı dönüşlerle karşı saldırılarda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Ukrayna’nın deepfake dokümanları ile karşı saldırılara geçtiği, videolarda daha çok Putin’i itibarsızlaştıracak içerikler geliştirdiği gözlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla araştırmada bilgi çağında kullanılan, propaganda araçlarının yeni bir versiyonu olan deepfake dokümanlarının savaşın gidişatına kısa süreli de olsa etki ettiği ortaya koyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Propaganda, Dijital Propaganda, Dezenformasyon, Manipülasyon, Deepfake Dokümanı, Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşı

A New Version of Digital Propaganda: An Analysis on Deepfake Documents on the Case of Ukraine-Russia War

Öz

Deepfake documents which are also defined as algorithmic visual and auditory manipulation, have made it possible to provide the media with fake information from individuals the falsified information of individuals to the media without their consent. Information that is fake on its own can turn into a disinformation and propaganda tool in the society. The first use of propaganda purposes for the first time in a war environment makes this research important. In this research, how and for what purpose deepfake documents have been used as a digital propaganda tool during the Ukraine-Russia war has been discussed. The struggle of the heads of state and their people against the deepfake documents used in the digital environment is analyzed with a descriptive approach. Within the framework of this research, four deepfake documents determined by convenience sampling method, one of the non-probability sampling methods, were examined.
As a result of the research, it has been determined that Ukraine, which has been exposed to cyber-attacks from Russia, warned its people in advance of possible propaganda as a result of deepfake documents, and took quick turns and counter-attacks. According to the findings, it was observed that Ukraine launched counter-attacks with deepfake documents and developed content that would discredit Putin in videos. This study includes the originality of handling deepfake documents as a new version of digital propaganda in the war environment. It is revealed that deepfake documents, which are a new version of propaganda tools used in the information age, have a short-term effect on the course of the war.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Propaganda, Digital Propaganda, Disinformation, Manipulation, Deepfake Document, Ukraine-Russia War

Kaynakça

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