A New Perspective on the Modulation of the Blood Brain Barrier: The Role of Nutrition and Environmental Factors

Öz

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective and dynamic endothelial barrier tightly regulated between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system, that prevents the passage of toxic compounds and pathogens from passing from the blood to the brain while also ensuring nutrient transmission. It provides brain homeostasis for the healthy fulfilment of synaptic and neuronal functions. The blood-brain barrier performs its functions through elements of the neurovascular unit such as tight junctions, astrocytes, and pericytes. Nutrition, neuronal activity, and environmental factors such as aging, air pollution, exposure to heavy metals, smoking, alcohol, stress play a role in blood-brain barrier modulation. Neuroinflammation is a coordinated response to brain damage. In response to altered brain homeostasis, a number of inflammatory mediators are released that affect blood-brain barrier permeability. Several dietary factors including diet composition, antioxidant components, nutraceuticals, and vitamins influence blood-brain barrier permeability by affecting neuroinflammation. While the diet can be neuroprotective with the beneficial components, it can also cause destructive effects in the CNS by causing neuroinflammation in the blood-brain barrier. The impact of nutrition in the prevention, development, progression and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is a fascinating new field for researchers. Addressing the effects of foods and dietary habits on blood-brain barrier modulation will provide a new perspective on the disease-diet interaction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Blood brain barrier
• neurodegenerative diseases
• diet
• environmental factors

Kan Beyin Bariyeri Modülasyonuna Yeni Bir Bakış Açısı: Beslenme ve Çevresel Faktörlerin Etkisi

Öz

Kan beyin bariyeri (KBB), toksik bileşiklerin ve patojenlerin kandan beyne geçişini engelleyen, besin ögelerinin ise beyne iletilmesini sağlayan merkezi sinir sistemi (MSS) ve periferik sinir sistemi arasında regüle edilen oldukça seçici ve dinamik endotel bir bariyerdir. Kan beyin bariyeri, sinaptik ve nöronal işlevlerin sağlıklı bir biçimde yerine getirilmesi için beyin homeostazını sağlar. Kan beyin bariyeri işlevlerini sıkı bağlantı proteinleri (tight junctions), astrositler, perisitler gibi nörovasküler ünitenin elemanları vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirir. Beslenme, nöronal aktivite ve yaşlanma, hava kirliliği, ağır metallere maruziyet, sigara, alkol, stres, egzersiz gibi çevresel faktörler kan beyin bariyeri modülasyonunda rol oynamaktadır. Nöroinflamasyon, beyinde gerçekleşen hasarı takiben gelişen koordine bir yanıttır. Değişen beyin homeostazına yanıt olarak kan beyin bariyeri geçirgenliğine etki eden bir dizi inflamatuar mediatör salınır. Diyetin bileşimi, antioksidan bileşenler, nutrasötikler, vitaminler gibi çeşitli diyete bağlı faktörler nöroinflamasyona etki ederek kan beyin bariyeri geçirgenliğinde rol oynamaktadır. Diyet içerdiği yararlı bileşenler ile nöroprotektif olabilirken, kan beyin bariyerinde nöroinflamasyona neden olarak MSS’de yıkıcı etkilere de neden olabilir. Beslenmenin nörodejeneratif hastalıkların önlenmesinde, gelişiminde, progresyonunda ve tedavisindeki etkisi araştırmacılar için merak uyandıran yeni bir alandır. Besinlerin ve beslenme alışkanlıklarının kan beyin bariyeri modülasyonuna etkisinin ele alınması hastalık-diyet etkileşimine yeni bir bakış açısı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kan beyin bariyeri
• nörodejeneratif hastalıklar
• beslenme
• çevresel etmenler
• Blood brain barrier
• neurodegenerative diseases
• diet
• environmental factors

Kaynakça

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