Quality of Life and Nursing Care in Children with Heart Disease

Öz

Congenital heart diseases constitute an important part of the chronic disease group in childhood. The fact that congenital heart disease affects important dimensions of health in children's social and personal relationships and daily activities has led to an increased interest in health-related quality of life measures in the field of cardiology. Children with heart disease live long periods of time with their disease. It is important that health professionals manage the follow-up and treatment process of the disease. The child may need angiography or cardiac surgery. Both children and parents are affected by this long and troublesome process. After cardiac surgery, the child may encounter problems in terms of physical, emotional, and social well-being, which leads to functional limitations. Parental support and family functioning have an important role in improving a child's quality of life. In this period, the support of families for their children is as important as the support of their children. Primary support to the family is given by the nurse. Nurses’ roles are to educate the family about the disease and help them cope, to prepare the child and family for surgery, to give postoperative care, and to prepare for discharge to get through the process more easily. In this review, quality of life and nursing care in children with heart disease are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Child
• pediatric nursing
• congenital heart disease
• cardiology
• care
• life quality.

Kalp Hastalığı Olan Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi ve Hemşirelik Bakımı

Öz

Çocuklukta görülen kronik hastalık grubunun önemli bir kısmını konjenital kalp hastalıkları oluşturmaktadır. Konjenital kalp hastalıkları çocukların; günlük aktivitelerini, sosyal/kişisel ilişkilerini etkilemesi, birçok alanda olduğu gibi kardiyoloji alanında da yaşam kalitesine ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Kalp hastalığı olan çocuklar, hastalıkları ile uzun dönem yaşamaktadır. Hastalığın takip ve tedavi sürecinin sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından yönetilmesi önemlidir. Çocuğa anjiyografi ya da kardiyak ameliyat yapılması gerekebilir. Bu uzun ve sıkıntılı süreçten hem çocuk hem de ebeveynler etkilenmektedir. Kardiyak ameliyat sonrası çocuk, fiziksel, duygusal ve sosyal gelişim açısından problemlerle karşılaşabilir ve bu durum fonksiyonel kısıtlılığa yol açar. Ebeveyn desteğinin ve aile işlevinin çocuğun yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmede önemli bir rolü vardır. Bu dönemde ailelerin çocuklarına olan desteği kadar aileye olan destek de önemlidir. Aileye primer destek hemşire tarafından verilir. Sürecin daha rahat atlatılması için çocuk ve aileyi ameliyat öncesi ve sonrasına hazırlamak, bakım vermek, taburculuğa hazırlamak, aileyi hastalık hakkında eğitmek ve baş etmelerine yardım etmek hemşirelerin rollerindendir. Bu derlemede, kalp hastalığı olan çocuklarda yaşam kalitesi ve hemşirelik bakımı ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk
• pediatri hemşirelik
• konjenital kalp hastalıkları
• bakım
• yaşam kalitesi.

Kaynakça

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