Search and Rescue and Stiff Search Dogs in Disasters

Öz

In search and rescue operations, “time” is critical in order to rescue people trapped under debris, buried under avalanches, or submerged in water. Finding people alive is invaluable because time is critical. The equipment used by search and rescue teams is crucial, including concrete-breaking equipment, motorized saws, portable toilets, food, water, shelter, power, medical equipment, seismic listening devices that can detect weak sounds coming from within a rubble pile, expandable digital cameras for investigating gaps, and most importantly, highly trained dogs. When evaluating search and rescue teams consisting of dogs, trainers, and caregivers, the performance of the dog, the performance and knowledge of the caregiver, and the performance of the dog and caregiver as a team are considered. The performance of the dogs is the result of up to two years of training. Most of the dogs used to come from shepherd or hunting breeds and must be physically, mentally, and anatomically healthy. Dogs are tested in both wild and urban environments. In the first stage, we aim to reach a presence of at least three search and rescue cadavers and bloodhounds per district, for a total of 3,000 trained dogs across the country. Later, we need to increase this number to ten thousand as soon as possible. In the earthquake centered in Kahramanmaras, 13 million 421 thousand people were affected, with thousands dead or injured across ten provinces. Therefore, more people will be affected in cities such as Istanbul, where earthquakes are predicted to occur. Creating search and rescue teams without delay is extremely important, considering the procurement and training processes takes at least two years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster
• search
• rescue
• stiff
• dog.

Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri

Öz

Arama ve kurtarma faaliyetinde göçük altında, çığ ve çamur toprak altında gömülü, su içinde olan insanların canlı olarak kurtarılabilmesi için “zaman” çok önemlidir. Zaman kritik olduğundan insanları canlı bulmak paha biçilmezdir. Arama kurtarma ekiplerinin kullandıkları teçhizatları çok önemlidir. Bu teçhizatlar arasında beton kırma ekipmanı, motorlu el testereleri, tuvalet çadırları, yiyecek, su, barınak, güç, tıbbi ekipman, enkaz yığınının içinden gelen zayıf sesleri algılayabilen sismik dinleme cihazları, açıklıkları araştıran genişletilebilir dijital kameralar ve en önemlisi yüksek eğitimli köpekleri olmalıdır. Köpek, eğitmen ve bakıcıdan kurulan arama kurtarma ekipleri değerlendirilirken köpeğin performansı, bakıcının performansı ve bilgisi, köpek ve bakıcının ekip olarak performansı ele alınır. Köpeklerin performansı iki yıla varan bir eğitimin ürünüdür. Kullanılan köpeklerin çoğu çoban veya avcı ırklardan gelmektedir. Fiziksel, zihinsel ve anatomik olarak sağlıklı olmalıdır. Köpekler, vahşi ve kentsel ortamlarda test edilir. Ülkemizde ilk aşamada her ilçede en az üç köpekten oluşan ve toplamda üç bine varan arama kurtarma-ceset ve kan köpeği varlığına ulaşmamız hedeflenmelidir. Daha sonra bu eğitimli hayvan sayısını en kısa sürede on bin sayısına ulaştırmamız gereklidir. Merkez üssü Kahramanmaraş olan depremde on ilde 13 milyon 421 bin insan zarar gördü, binlercesi vefat etti, yaralandı. Haliyle 15.5 milyon insanın yaşadığı İstanbul gibi deprem olması öngörülen şehirlerde daha fazla insanın etkilenmesi söz konusudur. Temin ve eğitimlerin en az iki yıl sürdüğünü düşünerek Arama Kurtarma Ekiplerinin zaman kaybetmeksizin oluşturulması son derece önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• arama
• kurtarma
• ceset
• köpek

Kaynakça

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