Natural Brain Dopings: Plant Derived Nootropics and Their Cognitive Effects

Öz

With increasing global life expectancy, there is an increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of age-related cognitive disorders. Cognitive impairment is a global health problem that causes individual, economic, and social burdens. Nootropics are substances that help increase cognitive performance by affecting the dopaminergic, glutamatergic/cholinergic, and serotonergic systems in the brain. Nootropics are examined in two groups: synthetic and natural/plant-derived. Research has focused on plant-derived nootropics that reduce the incidence of side effects of synthetic nootropics and can target more than one pathway, either alone or in combination with traditional medications. Plant-derived nootropic agents include Ginkgo biloba, Panax quinquefolius, Panax ginseng, Bacopa monnieri, gotu kola (Centella asiatica), lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus), kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens), ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), flavonoids, St. John's Wort, sage, peppermint, and caffeine. Plant-derived nootropics can be an effective treatment for cognitive functions and neurodegenerative disorders, but the ingredients and preparation of these products may vary depending on genetic, cultural, and environmental factors. For this reason, it is important to ensure standardization to increase the efficiency, quality, and reliability of products. Unlike synthetic nootropics, plant-derived nootropics contain phytochemical components that have positive effects on cognitive functions. The usage of plant-derived nootropics should take into account factors, including nutrition, drug interactions, disease comorbidities, and pregnancy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant derived nootropics
• cognitive functions
• dementia
• Alzheimer

Doğal Beyin Dopingleri: Bitkisel Nootropikler ve Bilişsel Etkileri

Öz

Artan küresel ortalama yaşam beklentisi ile birlikte yaşlı nüfusta ve yaşa bağlı bilişsel bozuklukların prevalansında artış görülmektedir. Bilişsel bozulma; bireysel, ekonomik ve toplumsal yüke neden olan küresel bir sağlık sorunudur. Nootropikler, beyinde dopaminerjik, glutamaterjik/kolinerjik ve serotonerjik sistemleri etkileyerek bilişsel performansı artırmaya yardımcı olan bileşiklerdir. Nootropikler; sentetik ve doğal/ bitkisel olmak üzere iki grupta incelenirler. Araştırmalar, sentetik nootropiklerin yan etki insidansını azaltan ve tek başına veya geleneksel ilaçlarla kombinasyon halinde birden fazla yolu hedefleyebilen bitkisel nootropikler üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bitkisel nootropik ajanlar arasında Ginkgo biloba, Panax quinquefolius, Panax ginseng, Bacopa monnieri, gotu kola (Centella asiatica), aslan yelesi (Hericium erinaceus), kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens), ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), flavonoidler, sarı kantaron, adaçayı, nane ve kafein yer almaktadır Bitkisel nootropikler, bilişsel işlevler ve nörodejeneratif bozukluklar için etkili bir tedavi olabilir, ancak bu ürünlerin içeriği ve hazırlanışı, genetik, kültürel ve çevresel faktörlere bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu nedenle ürünlerin etkinliği, kalitesi ve güvenilirliğinin artması için standardizasyonun sağlanması önemlidir. Sentetik nootropiklerin aksine bitkisel nootropikler bilişsel fonksiyonlar üzerinde olumlu etkiler gösteren fitokimyasal bileşenler içerir. Bitkisel nootropiklerin kullanımında diyet, ilaç etkileşimleri, hastalık komorbiditeleri ve gebelik gibi faktörler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitkisel nootropikler
• bilişsel fonksiyonlar
• demans
• Alzheimer hastalığı.

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