Türkiye’de Kronik Hastalık Riskleri ile İlişkili Çeşitli Sağlık Durumlarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Kronik hastalıklar tüm yaş grupların yaşam kalitesini etkilemekte ve artan prevalansı ile hastalık, engellilik ve erken ölümün önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Son yüzyıllarda ortalama ömür süreleri giderek yükselmesine rağmen, güncel analizler çeşitli kronik hastalık ve durumlardaki artışlardan ötürü gelecek nesillerde ömür uzunluğunda tam tersine bir azalma tahmin etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yetişkin ve 15 yaş üstü çocuklarda kronik hastalık riskleri ile ilişkili çeşitli sağlık durumlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu'nun, Türkiye’de kronik hastalık riskleri ile ilişkili çeşitli istatistiklerin birlikte ele alındığı doküman analizi yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu internet sitesinde yer alan “Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması, 2019” başlığı altında verilen; kronik hastalıklara ilişkin istatistiksel veriler kullanılmıştır. Veriler 2008 ile 2019 yıllarında toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında 15 yaş ve üzerinde olan 17084 kişinin Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından toplanmış olan mevcut verileri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Türkiye’de bireylerde beden kitle indeksi ortalamaları yüksek olup, obez ve fazla kilolu birey oranı, tütün ve alkol kullanımı toplam nüfusun yaklaşık %30-40’ını kapsamakta; bu oranlar giderek daha da artarak kronik hastalık yüklerini artırmaktadır. Sonuç: Tütün ve alkol kullanımı, beden kitle indeksi ve yaşanan sağlık/hastalık durumları giderek artmaktadır. Bu durum, sağlığın korunması ve zararlı alışkanlıkların önlenmesi ile ilgili çalışmaların sonuç vermediği ve hatta bireylerin sağlıklarını bozucu yönde etkileyen faktörler karşısında giderek daha yetersiz kaldığını göstermektedir. Risk yönetimi ve sağaltımı bakımından güncel literatüre dayalı, mutidisipliner ekipler tarafından çok faktörlü değerlendirmeler ile önleme ve tedavilere yönelik yaklaşımların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kronik hastalık
• fiziksel aktivite
• obezite
• beden kitle indeksi
• tütün kullanımı.

Investigation of Various Health Conditions Related to Chronic Disease Risks in Turkey

Öz

Objective: Chronic diseases affect the quality of life of all age groups and are one of the leading causes of disease, disability, and premature death with increasing prevalence. Although life expectancy has steadily risen over the last centuries, current analyses predict a converse reduction due to increases in various chronic diseases and conditions. The objective of this study was to examine various health conditions associated with chronic disease risks in adults and children over the age of 15 in Turkey. Material and Method: This study was carried out using the document analysis method. Statistical data on chronic diseases given under the "Turkey Health Survey, 2019" title on the Turkish Statistical Institute website were used. Data were collected between 2008 and 2019. Within the scope of the research, the existing data of 17084 people aged 15 and over collected by the Turkish Statistical Institute were used. Results: The average body mass index of individuals is high, the proportion of obese and overweight individuals, and tobacco and alcohol use cover approximately 30-40% of the total population; these rates are increasing day by day, increasing the burden of chronic diseases. Conclusion: Tobacco and alcohol use, body mass index, and experienced health/disease conditions are increasing. It shows that the efforts to protect health and prevent harmful habits do not yield results and are even more and more inadequate against detrimental factors. In terms of risk management and treatment, multifactorial evaluations and approaches for prevention and rehabilitation should be developed by multidisciplinary teams based on current literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chronic disease
• physical activity
• obesity
• body mass index
• tobacco use

Kaynakça

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