Sleep and Stress Work in the Journey of Learning and Decision-Making - Narrative Review

Öz

Decision-making is a complex action that requires efficient information processing performance. Habitual response to rewards and the pursuit of goals are key to the decision-making process. Many decisions made in daily life are based on a system of valuing learned experiences as rewards and punishments. Sleep deprivation and stress exposure cause some changes in reward responses, negatively affecting cognitive functioning. Cognitive effects such as difficulty in decision-making, poor judgment, decreased self-esteem and productivity, poor memory, impaired concentration and increased errors are associated with excessive stress. Studies show that sleep plays a role in the learning process, in the continuation of motor skill development following initial skill acquisition, and in memory consolidation. Some research suggests that skill development and learning are enhanced during the conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory while asleep, therefore, adequate sleep supports skill execution and task performance. The importance of learning through experiences for adaptive behavior is known. Effective and accurate stress management enables people to maintain their physical and mental health while increasing their ability to learn and make decisions. Thus, the person's productivity and quality of life increase in daily life. For these reasons, adequate sleep arrangements and methods of coping with stress should be integrated into physiotherapy interventions to support the correct decision-making process between the physiotherapist and the patient and it should be ensured that the patient learns the skill more easily. This narrative review aims to gain new perspectives on the relationship between stress and sleep by drawing attention to reward mechanisms and their effect on decision-making and learning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sleep
• stress
• decision-making
• learning
• reward

Öğrenme ve Karar Verme Yolculuğunda Uyku ve Stres Mesaisi

Öz

Karar verme, verimli bir şekilde bilgi işleme performansı gerektiren karmaşık bir eylemdir. Ödüllere alışılmış şekilde cevap oluşturma ve hedeflerin peşinden koşma, karar verme sürecinin anahtarıdır. Günlük hayatta verilen birçok karar, öğrenilen deneyimleri ödül ve ceza olarak değerleme sistemine dayandırılmaktadır. Uyku yoksunluğu ve stres maruziyeti, ödül tepkileri üzerinde bazı değişikliklere neden olarak bilişsel fonksiyonları olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Karar vermede güçlük, muhakemede zayıflama, benlik saygısı ve verimlilikte azalma, hafızada zayıflık, konsantrasyon bozukluğu ve hatalarda artış gibi kognitif etkilenimler aşırı stres ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Çalışmalar uykunun, öğrenme sürecinde, ilk beceri edinimini izleyen motor beceri gelişiminin devam etmesinde, bellek konsolidasyonunda rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Bazı araştırmalar, uykudayken kısa süreli belleğin uzun süreli belleğe dönüşümü sırasında beceri geliştirme ve öğrenmenin arttığını, bu nedenle yeterli uykunun beceri yürütmeyi ve görev performansını desteklediğini ileri sürmektedir. Uyarlanabilir davranış için deneyimler aracılığıyla öğrenmenin önemi bilinmektedir. Etkili ve doğru stres yönetimi, kişinin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığının korunmasını sağlarken, öğrenme ve karar verme yeteneğinin de artmasını sağlamaktadır. Böylece günlük hayatta kişinin verimliliği ve yaşam kalitesi yükselmektedir. Bu nedenlerle yeterli uyku düzenlemeleri ve stresle başa çıkma yöntemleri fizyoterapi müdahalelerine entegre edilerek fizyoterapist ve hasta arasında doğru karar verme sürecine destek olunmalı, hastanın beceriyi daha kolay öğrenmesi sağlanmalıdır. Bu derleme makalesi ile ödül mekanizmalarına dikkat çekerek stres ve uykunun ilişkisi ele alınıp bunların karar verme ve öğrenme üzerinde etkisine yönelik yeni perspektifler kazandırmak amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uyku
• stres
• karar verme
• öğrenme
• ödül

Kaynakça

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