Kalp Yetersizliği Hastalarının Hastalık Kabulü İle Öz Bakım Davranışlarını Gerçekleştirme Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı kalp yetersizliği hastalarının hastalık kabulü ile öz bakım davranışlarını gerçekleştirme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma prospektif ve tanımlayıcı tipte planlanmıştır. Çalışma İzmir’de bir devlet hastanesinin kardiyoloji servisinde yatan, New York Kalp Derneği (New York Heart Association, NYHA) 1-4 sınıflaması arasında ve en az 6 ay önce kalp yetersizliği tanısı almış 152 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Avrupa Kalp Yetersizliği Öz Bakım Davranışları Ölçeği ve Hastalığı Kabul Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın yürütülmesi için etik kurul onayı ve ilgili hastaneden kurum izni, çalışmaya katılan hastalardan bilgilendirilmiş sözel onam alınmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamında hastaların %54,6’sı kadın, %45,4’ü erkek olup yaş ortalaması 72,89±10,65’tir. Araştırmaya katılan kalp yetersizliği hastalarının öz bakım davranışları ölçeği puan ortalamasına göre (33,79±4,41) öz bakımın yeterli düzey olduğu, Hastalığı Kabul Ölçeği puan ortalamasına göre (21,92±3,65) hastalığı kabullerinin orta düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Hastalığı kabul ölçeğinde New York Kalp Derneği 2. ve 4. evre arasında ve komorbid hastalık bölümünde böbrek yetmezliği olma durumu arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Öz bakım davranışları ölçeği alt boyutları ile bağımsız değişkenler karşılaştırıldığında; çalışma durumuna göre aktivitelere uyum alt boyutunda ve komorbid hastalık durumuna göre diyabet hastalığı varlığında anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Hastaların hastalığı kabul düzeyleri ile öz bakım davranışları düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Hastalık kabulü ile öz bakım davranışları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Hastalar akut semptom yönetimine öncelik verirken, önleyici davranışlara uyumun daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hastalığı Kabul
• Hemşire
• Kalp Yetersizliği
• öz bakım

Examining the Relationship between Acceptance of the Illness and Level of Actualization of Self-Care Behavior in the Patients with Heart Failure

Öz

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between the acceptance of the illness and the level of performing self-care behaviors in heart failure patients. Material and Methods: The study was designed as prospective and descriptive and conducted with 152 patients hospitalized in a cardiology service in Izmir, classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 1–4 and diagnosed with heart failure for at least six months. Data were collected using the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale and the Acceptance of Illness Scale. Results: The participants were 54.6% female and 45.4% male, with a mean age of 72.89±10.65 years. It was determined that the self-care behaviors of the heart failure patients participating in the study were at an adequate level with the mean score of the Self-Care Behavior Scale (33.79±4.41), and the acceptance level was found to be moderate with the mean score of the Acceptance of Illness Scale (21.92±3.65). A significant difference was found between the New York Heart Association Stage 2 and 4 in the Acceptance of Illness Scale and the status of renal failure in the comorbid disease section. When comparing the subdimensions of the self-care behaviors scale with independent variables, a significant difference was found in the subdimension of adherence to activities based on employment status and in the presence of diabetes mellitus based on comorbid conditions (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between illness acceptance and self-care behaviors. Patients tended to prioritize acute symptom managemenet, while adherence to preventive behaviors remained lower.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acceptance
• Heart failure
• Nurse
• self-care

Kaynakça

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