Sağlıklı Bireylerde Farklı Diz Açılarında Yapılan Köprü Egzersizlerinin Kas Kuvveti ve Endurans Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlıklı bireylerde farklı diz açılarında yapılan köprü egzersizinin kasların kuvveti ve dayanıklılığı üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-27 yaş aralığında, düzenli egzersiz yapmayan 42 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Katılımcıların M. Gluteus Maximus, M. Quadriceps Femoris ve M. Gastrocnemius, sırt ekstansörleri, üst abdominal ve alt abdominal kasların kuvvetleri değerlendirildi. Gövde kaslarının enduransını değerlendirmek için katılımcılara Prone Plank Endurans Testi ve Dinamik Abdominal Endurans Testi uygulandı. Alt ekstremite kaslarının enduransını değerlendirmek için Squat Endurans Testi kullanıldı. Tüm ölçümler müdahaleden önce ve sonra olmak üzere iki kez yapıldı. Katılımcılara, değerlendirmeye kör bir araştırmacı tarafından farklı diz açılarında (45⁰, 60⁰ ve 90⁰) altı hafta boyunca haftada üç günlmak üzere köprü egzersiz programı uygulandı. Bulgular: Sonuçlarımız, farklı diz açılarında yapılan köprü egzersizlerinin kasın kuvvetini ve enduransını artırdığını göstermektedir (p<0,05). Ancak, gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Sonuçlara göre, köprü egzersizi kuvvet ve endurans kazanmak için her diz açısında yapılabilir ve köprü egzersizinde kişiye göre en rahat diz açısı pozisyonu fizyoterapistler tarafından tercih edilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Egzersiz, kas kuvveti, fiziksel endurans, gövde.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz
• kas kuvveti
• fiziksel endurans
• gövde

Investigation of the Effect of Bridge Exercises Performed at Different Knee Angles on Muscle Strength and Endurance in Healthy Persons: Randomized Controlled Trial

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of bridge exercises performed at various knee angles on muscle strength and endurance in healthy individuals. Material and Methods: Forty-two healthy individuals between the ages of 18-27 and who do not exercise regularly were included in the study. The strengths of the M. Gluteus Maximus, M. Quadriceps Femoris, and M. Gastrocnemius, back extensors, upper abdominal and lower abdominal were evaluated. Prone Plank Endurance Test and Dynamic Abdominal Endurance Test were applied to the participants to evaluate the endurance of the trunk muscles. Squat Endurance Test was used to evaluate the endurance of the lower extremity muscles. All measurements were taken twice, before and after the intervention. The participants underwent the bridge exercise program at different knee angles (45⁰, 60⁰, and 90⁰), three days a week day for six weeks by a researcher blinded to the evaluation. Results: Our results suggest that bridge exercises performed at different knee angles increase the strength and endurance of the muscle (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, bridge exercise can be performed at any knee angle to gain strength and, the most comfortable knee angle position can be preferred by physiotherapists according to the person being exercised. Keywords: Exercise, muscle strength, physical endurance, trunk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise
• muscle strength
• physical endurance
• trunk

Kaynakça

1. 1. Akuthota V, Nadler SF. Core strengthening. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:86-92. DOI: 10.1053/j.apmr.2003.12.005.
2. 2. Fredericson M, Moore T. Muscular balance, core stability, and injury prevention for middle-and long-distance runners. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2005;16(3):669-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2005.03.001.
3. 3. Cho M, Jeon H. The effects of bridge exercise on an unstable base of support on lumbar stability and the thickness of the transversus abdominis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(6):733-6. DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.733.
4. 4. Youn H-J, Kim K-H, Park S-H, Yi M-Y. The effect of lower extremity muscle activity on bridging exercise and combined lifting pattern bridging exercise. PNF and Movement. 2012;10(4):49-55.
5. 5. Lunnen JD, Yack J, LeVeau BF. Relationship between muscle length, muscle activity, and torque of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther. 1981;61(2):190-5. DOI: 10.1093/ptj/61.2.190.
6. 6. Otman AS., Köse N, Karakaya MG, Baş Aslan Ü. Egzersiz tedavisinde temel prensipler ve yöntemler. Ankara: Pelikan Yayıncılık; 2006, 288p.
7. 7. Kim JW, Hwang BJ, Choi, YR. Comparison of muscle activity of lower limbs in bridging exercise according to knee joint angle. J Int Acad Phys Ther Res. 2013;4(2):595-599. DOI: 10.5854/JIAPTR.2013.10.25.595.
8. 8. Ho IMK, Ng LPC, Lee KOL, Luk TCJ. Effects of knee flexion angles in supine bridge exercise on trunk and pelvic muscle activity. Res Sports Med. 2020;28(4): 484-497. DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1777552.

9. 9. Heyward V. Advanced fitness and exercise prescription. New mexico: Human kinetics. 1997.
10. 10. Aggarwal A, Kumar S, Kumar D. Effect of core stabilization training on the lower back endurance in recreationally active individuals. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research. 2010;13(04):167-76. DOI:10.1142/S0218957710002600.
11. 11. Sandrey MA, Mitzel JG. Improvement in dynamic balance and core endurance after a 6-week core-stability-training program in high school track and field athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2013;22(4):264-71. DOI: 10.1123/jsr.22.4.264
12. 12. Hosseini SS, Asl AK, Rostamkhany H. The effect of strength and core stabilization training on physical fitness factors among elderly people. World Appl Sci J. 2012;16(4):479-84.
13. 13. Ahmadi R, Hasan D, Hosin BA. The effect of 6 weeks core stabilization training program on the balance in mentally retarded students. Sports Medicine Journal/Medicina Sportivâ. 2012;8(4).
14. 14. Youdas JW, Hartman JP, Murphy BA, Rundle AM, Ugorowski JM, Hollman JH. Magnitudes of muscle activation of spine stabilizers, gluteals, and hamstrings during supine bridge to neutral position. Physiother Theory Pract. 2015;31(6):418-27. DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2015.1010672.
15. 15. Feldwieser FM, Sheeran L, Meana-Esteban A, Sparkes V. Electromyographic analysis of trunk-muscle activity during stable, unstable and unilateral bridging exercises in healthy individuals. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(2):171-86. DOI: 0.1007/s00586-012-2254-7.
16. 16. Brandsma JW, Schreuders TA, Birke JA, Piefer A, Oostendorp R. Manual muscle strength testing: intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities for the intrinsic muscles of the hand. J Hand Ther. 1995;8(3):185-90. DOI: 10.1016/s0894-1130(12)80014-7.
17. 17. Otman AS, Köse N. Tedavi hareketlerinde temel değerlendirme prensipleri. Ankara: Pelikan yayıncılık; 2014. 198p.
18. 18. Goldıng L. Y's Way To Physical Fitness: The Complete Guide To Fitness Testing And İnstruction. USA: Human Kinetics; 1986.
19. 19. Imai A, Kaneoka K. The relationship between trunk endurance plank tests and athletic performance tests in adolescent soccer players. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11(5):718.
20. 20. Loudon JK, Wiesner D, Goist-Foley HL, Asjes C, Loudon KL. Intrarater reliability of functional performance tests for subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Athl Train. 2002;37(3):256.
21. 21. Moreland J, Finch E, Stratford P, Balsor B, Gill C. Interrater reliability of six tests of trunk muscle function and endurance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997;26(4):200-8. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1997.26.4.200.
22. 22. Anderson D, Barthelemy L, Gmach R, Posey B. Core strength testing: developing normative data for three clinical tests. 2013.
23. 23. Kim S, Park J, Her J. Comparison of muscle activity and muscle thickness according to knee flexion angle during supine bridge exercises using the abdominal drawing-in maneuver on an unstable surface. J Sports Sci Med. 2023;22(3):431-435. DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.431.
24. 24. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175-91. DOI: 10.3758/bf03193146.
25. 25. Lim O-b, Kim K-s. Effects of different knee flexion angles according to three positions on abdominal and pelvic muscle activity during supine bridging. Physical Therapy Korea. 2013;20(4):1-8. DOI:10.12674/ptk.2013.20.4.001.
26. 26. Hirose N, Tsuruike M. Differences in the electromyographic activity of the hamstring, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae muscles in a variety of kinetic changes. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(12):3357-63. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002747.
27. 27. Ho IMK, Ng LPC, Lee KOL, Luk TCJ. Effects of knee flexion angles in supine bridge exercise on trunk and pelvic muscle activity. Res Sports Med. 2020;28(4):484-97. DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1777552.
28. 28. García-Vaquero MP, Moreside JM, Brontons-Gil E, Peco-González N, Vera-Garcia FJ. Trunk muscle activation during stabilization exercises with single and double leg support. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(3):398-406. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.017.
29. 29. Stevens VK, Bouche KG, Mahieu NN, Coorevits PL, Vanderstraeten GG, Danneels LA. Trunk muscle activity in healthy subjects during bridging stabilization exercises. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006;7(1):1-8.DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-7-75.
30. 30. Saliba SA, Croy T, Guthrie R, Grooms D, Weltman A, Grindstaff TL. Differences in transverse abdominis activation with stable and unstable bridging exercises in individuals with low back pain. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2010;5(2):63.
31. 31. Eom MY, Chung SH, Ko TS. Effects of bridging exercise on different support surfaces on the transverse abdominis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(10):1343-6. DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.1343.
32. 32. Nakae N, Koyanagi M, Sato M, Sakai T, Kimura Y, Hidaka K, et al. Safe and effective quadriceps femoris muscle exercise of resisted front bridge with a leg support in patients with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011;45(4):365-. DOI:10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.156.
33. 33. Youdas JW, Hartman JP, Murphy BA, Rundle AM, Ugorowski JM, Hollman JH. Electromyographic analysis of gluteus maximus and hamstring activity during the supine resisted hip extension exercise versus supine unilateral bridge to neutral. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017;33(2):124-30. DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2016.1271848.
34. 34. Ryu Y, Ju S, Park G, Jang H. Effects of bridging exercise methods on the muscular activity of the neck, trunk and lower limbs. J Phys Ther Sci. 2011;23(6):867-9. DOI:10.1589/jpts.23.867.