Blue Cut Kaplamaların Göz Sağlığına Etkileri

Öz

Son yıllarda artan ekran süresi, göz hastalıklarını ve göz hassasiyetini artırmaktadır denebilir. Bu sebeple bireyler, ışık kirliliğinin gözleri üzerindeki etkilerine karşı giderek daha dikkatli ve özenli olmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle akıllı telefonların, tabletlerin kullanımı ve iş yaşamında bilgisayar kullanım süresinin artışı mavi ışığa maruziyeti artırmakla birlikte gözlerde çeşitli hastalıklara da sebep olmaktadır. Görünür spektrumda dalga boyu 415 nanometre (nm) ile 455 nm arasında olan kısa dalga mavi ışık olarak nitelendirilebilir. Mavi ışık, göz ışığı hasarıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Bu yüksek enerjili mavi ışık, kornea ve mercek yoluyla retinaya geçerek göz kuruluğu, katarakt, yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu gibi hastalıklara neden olmakta, hatta beyni uyararak, melatonin salgılanmasını inhibe edip adrenokortikal hormon üretimini artırarak hormonal dengeyi bozmakta ve uyku kalitesini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle mavi ışınların oküler üzerindeki etkisi gelecek için önemli bir endişe haline gelmektedir. Belirtilen bu sebeplerden ötürü bu çalışmada mavi ışığın göze verdiği zararları azaltmayı amaçlayan Blue Cut kaplamaların göz sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri üzerinde durulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• blue cut kaplama
• Göz sağlığı
• Optisyenlik

The Effects of Blue Cut Coatings on Eye Health

Öz

It can be said that increasing screen time in recent years increases in eye diseases and eye sensitivity. For this reason, individuals have become increasingly careful and attentive to the effects of light pollution on their eyes. In particular, the use of smartphones, tablets and the increase in computer usage time in business life increase exposure to blue light and cause various diseases in the eyes. In the visible spectrum, the short wave with a wavelength between 415 nm and 455 nm can be characterised as blue light. Blue light is closely associated with eye light damage. This high-energy blue light passes through the cornea and lens to the retina and causes diseases such as dry eye, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and even disrupts the hormonal balance by stimulating the brain, inhibiting melatonin secretion and increasing adrenocortical hormone production, and directly affects sleep quality. Therefore, the effect of blue rays on ocular health is becoming an important concern for the future. For these reasons, this study will focus on the effects of Blue Cut coatings, which aim to reduce the damage caused by blue light to the eye, on eye health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• blue cut coating
• Eye health
• Opticianry

Kaynakça

1. Zhao HL, Jiang J, Yu J, Xu HM. Role of short-wavelength filtering lenses in delaying myopia progression and amelioration of asthenopia in juveniles. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017 Aug 18;10(8):1261-1267. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.08.13.
2. Gomes CC, Preto S. Blue light: A blessing or a curse?, Procedia Manufacturing. 2015;3:4472-4479. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.459.
3. Shapiro A. Understing and blue light. Retina Today. 2016;3:22-23.
4. Chen DC, Huang KL, Lee SL, Wang JT. Blue light blocking lenses measuring device. Procedia engineering. 2016;1:140. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.10.150.
5. Bowen, G. A. Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal. 2019;9(2):27-40.
6. Heiting G. Blue light: it's both bad and good for you. AAV Media LLC. 2017.
7. Shuker MS, Ali ZT. The biophysical efficacy of smart phones on the eyes of children from 3-12 years. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020;14(4): 3194-3200.
8. Ueda T, Nakanishi-Ueda T, Yasuhara H, Koide R, Dawson WW. Eye damage control by reduced blue illumination. Experimental eye research. 2009;89(6):863-868. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.07.018.

9. O’leary, Z. (2014). Primary data: surveys, interviews and observation. The essential guide to doing your research project, 201-216.
10. Tatsumoto M, Suzuki E, Nagata M, Suzuki K, Hirata K. Prophylactic treatment for patients with migraine using blue cut for night glass. Internal Medicine. 2023; 62(6), 849-854. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0132-22.
11. Melton R. Ultraviolet and blue light. Review of Optometry 2014; 151(2): S1.
12. Tatsumoto, M., Suzuki, E., Nagata, M., Suzuki, K., Hirata, K. Prophylactic treatment for patients with migraine using blue cut for night glass. Internal Medicine. 2023;62(6): 849-854.
13. Rehman MU, Ullah A, Shehzad S, Shah A. Effect of blue cut glasses on color discrimination and contrast sensitivity in young emmetropes. Khyber Medical University Journal. 2024;16(4): 322-7.
14. Sengupta D, Mandal S. Blue cut lenses. A boon to human society. Journal of Pharmacological Research and Developments. 2021;3(2):45-51.
15. Abed RI. Study the effect of blue light on the eyes for locally available models. Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences.2020; 2(1). DOI: 10.70492/2664-0554.1052.
16. Zheng QX, Ren YP, Reinach PS, Xiao B, Lu HH, Zhu YR, et al. Reactive oxygen species activated NLRP3 inflammasomes initiate inflammation in hyperosmolarity stressed human corneal epithelial cells and environment-induced dry eye patients. Exp Eye Res. 2015;134:133–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.013.
17. Lee HS, Cui L, Li Y, Choi JS, Choi JH, Li ZR, et al. Correction: influence of light emitting diode-derived blue light overexposure on mouse ocular surface. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):167-171. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161041.
18. Choi W, Lee JB, Cui L, Li Y, Li ZR, Choi JS, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of topically applied antioxidant medicinal plant extracts in a mouse model of experimental dry eye. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;16:1–10. DOI: 10.1155/2016/4727415.
19. Makdoumi K, Goodrich R, Bäckman A. Photochemical eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by blue light activation of riboflavin. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95(5):498–502. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13409.
20. Wei S, Zhang C, Zhang S, Xu Y, Mu G. Treatment results of corneal collagen cross-linking combined with riboflavin and 440 nm blue light for bacterial corneal ulcer in rabbits. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42(10):1401–1406. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1332767
21. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(11):844–851.
22. Xue L, Bo YU, Hong X. The establishment of a rat model for experimental retinal photic injury and observation of pathological changes in the retina. Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology. 2003;5(1):29–32.
23. Xie C, Li XY, Tong JP, Gu YS, Shen Y. Effects of white light-emitting diode (LED) light exposure with different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) on human lens epithelial cells in culture. Photochem Photobiol. 2014;90(4):853–859. DOI: 10.1111/php.12250.
24. Babizhayev MA. Mitochondria induce oxidative stress, generation of reactive oxygen species and redox state unbalance of the eye lens leading to human cataract formation: disruption of redox lens organization by phospholipid hydroperoxides as a common basis for cataract disease. Cell Biochem Funct. 2011;29(3):183–206. DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1737.
25. Bai J, Yang F, Dong L, Zheng Y. Ghrelin protects human lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress-induced damage. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;17:1–8. DOI: 10.1155/2017/1910450.
26. Bernstein PS, Khachik F, Carvalho LS, Muir GJ, Zhao DY, Katz NB. Identification and quantitation of carotenoids and their metabolites in the tissues of the human eye. Exp Eye Res. 2001;72(3):215–223. DOI: 10.1006/exer.2000.0954.
27. Gao S, Qin T, Liu Z, Caceres MA, Ronchi CF, Chen CY, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation reduces H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human lens epithelial cells. Mol Vis. 2011;17:3180–3190.
28. Kim GH, Kim HI, Paik SS, Jung SW, Kang S, Kim IB. Functional and morphological evaluation of blue light-emitting diode-induced retinal degeneration in mice. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;254(4):705–716. DOI:10.1007/s00417-015-3258-x.
29. Gupta N, Brown KE, Milam AH. Activated microglia in human retinitis pigmentosa, late-onset retinal degeneration, and age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res. 2003;76(4):463–471. DOI: 10.1016/S0014-4835(02)00332-9.
30. Nakamura M, Kuse Y, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. The involvement of the oxidative stress in murine blue LED light-induced retinal damage model. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1219–1225. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-01008.
31. Geiger P, Barben M, Grimm C, Samardzija M. Blue light-induced retinal lesions, intraretinal vascular leakage and edema formation in the all-cone mouse retina. Cell Death Dis. 2015;6(11):e1985–e1985. DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.333.
32. Jaadane I, Villalpando Rodriguez GE, Boulenguez P, Chahory S, Carré S, Savoldelli M, et al. Effects of white light-emitting diode (LED) exposure on retinal pigment epithelium in vivo. J Cell Mol Med. 2017;21(12):3453–3466. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13255.
33. Zhao L, Ma WX, Fariss RN, Wong WT. Minocycline attenuates photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of subretinal hemorrhage microglial inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy. Am J Pathol. 2011;179(3):1265–1277. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.042.
34. King A, Gottlieb E, Brooks DG, Murphy MP, Dunaief JL. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species mediate blue light-induced death of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Photochem Photobiol. 2010;79(5):470–475. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00036.x.
35. Lu B, Zhang PF, Zhou MW, Wang WQ, Gu Q, Feng JY, et al. Involvement of XBP1s in blue light-induced A2E-containing retinal pigment epithelium cell death. Ophthalmic Res. 2017;57(4):252–262. DOI: 10.1159/000452282.
36. Osborne NN, Núñez-Álvarez C, del Olmo-Aguado S. The effect of visual blue light on mitochondrial function associated with retinal ganglions cells. Exp Eye Res. 2014;128:8-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.012.
37. del Olmo-Aguado S, Núñez-Álvarez C, Osborne NN. Blue light action on mitochondria leads to cell death by necroptosis. Neurochem Res. 2016;41(9):2324–2335. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1946-5.
38. Ishii M, Rohrer B. Bystander effects elicited by single-cell photo-oxidative blue-light stimulation in retinal pigment epithelium cell networks. Cell Death Discov. 2017;3:16071. DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.71.
39. Li H, Cai S, Gong X, Wu Z, Lyn J, Su G, Xie B. The effect of blue light on human retinal pigment epithelium cells α1D subunit protein expression and vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor secretion in vitro. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2014;50(11):814–819.
40. Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, Kifley A, Huynh S. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(8):1279–1285. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.12.019.
41. Rose KA, Morgan IG, Smith W, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P, Saw SM. Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126(4):527–530. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.4.527.
42. Czepita D, Mojsa A, Ustianowska M, Czepita M, Lachowicz E. Reading, writing, working on a computer or watching television, and myopia. Klin Oczna. 2010;112(10-12):293–295.
43. Rucker F, Britton S, Spatcher M, Hanowsky S. Blue light protects against temporal frequency sensitive refractive changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(10):6121–6131. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17238.
44. Liu R, Qian YF, He JC, Hu M, Zhou XT, Dai JH, et al. Effects of different monochromatic lights on refractive development and eye growth in guinea pigs. Exp Eye Res. 2011;92(6):447–453. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.03.003.
45. Qian YF, Dai JH, Liu R, Chen MJ, Chu RY. Effect of short-wavelength monochromatic light on refractive development and eye growth in guinea pigs. Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica. 2012;20(5):5–8.
46. Foulds WS, Barathi VA, Luu CD. Progressive myopia or hyperopia can be induced in chicks and reversed by manipulation of the chromaticity of ambient light. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(13):8004–8012. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12476.
47. Münch M, Nowozin C, Regente J, Bes F, De Zeeuw J, Hädel S, et al. Blue-enriched morning light as a countermeasure to light at the wrong time: effects on cognition, sleepiness, sleep, and circadian phase. Neuropsychobiology. 2016;74(4):207–218. DOI: 10.1159/000477093.
48. Zou L, Zhu X, Liu R, Ma F, Yu M, Liu H, et al. Effect of altered retinal Cones/Opsins on refractive development under monochromatic lights in guinea pigs. J Ophthalmol. 2018;2018:9197631. DOI: 10.1155/2018/9197631.
49. Gabel V, Reichert CF, Maire M, Schmidt C, Schlangen LJM, Kolodyazhniy V, et al. Differential impact in young and older individuals of blue-enriched white light on circadian physiology and alertness during sustained wakefulness. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):7620. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07060-8.
50. Scheuermaier K, Münch M, Ronda JM, Duffy JF. Improved cognitive morning performance in healthy older adults following blue-enriched light exposure on the previous evening. Behavioural Brain Research. 2018;348:267-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.021.