Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı ve Ortoreksiya Nervoza Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 156 - 162, 28.01.2026

Hürmet Küçükkatırcı Baykan , Vesile Şenol

https://doi.org/10.61399/ikcusbfd.1637056

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve ortoreksiya nervoza arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı çalışma, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Kapadokya üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 1000 öğrenci (429 erkek, 571 kadın) ile yürütülmüştür. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı “Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (SMAS) (Yetişkin Formu)”; sosyal görünüş kaygısı “Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği (SAAS)”; ortoreksiya nervoza ise “ORTO-11” soru ölçeği aracılığıyla saptanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri de değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve ortorektik semptomların erkeklerde kadınlara kıyasla daha yüksek ve yaygın olduğu bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p<0,001 ve p<0,05). Her iki cinsiyette de SMAS ve SAAS'den elde edilen puanlar arasında pozitif, zayıf korelasyon saptanmıştır (sırasıyla r=0,269, p<0,001; r=0,238, p<0,001). Sadece erkeklerde SMAS ve ORTO-11'den elde edilen puanlar arasında pozitif, çok zayıf korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=0,093, p<0,001).
Sonuç: Erkek öğrencilerde sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve ortoreksiya nervoza semptomları kadınlara kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasında her iki cinsiyette zayıf pozitif korelasyon, yalnızca erkeklerde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile ortorektik eğilim arasında çok zayıf pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır. Bulgular, sosyal medya bağımlılığının gençlerin beden algısı ve sağlıklı yeme davranışları üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratabileceğini göstermektedir. Genç neslin sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen ve yeme davranışı bozukluklarına zemin hazırlayan bu bağımlılığın azaltılması için gençlere yönelik eğitim ve bilinçlendirme çalışmaları yürütülmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anksiyete , bağımlılık , ortoreksiya nervosa , üniversite öğrencileri , yeme davranışı bozuklukları.

Proje Numarası

-

Investigation of the Effect of Social Media Addiction on Social Appearance Anxiety and Orthorexia Nervosa in College Students

Öz

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between social media addiction, social appearance anxiety, and orthorexia nervosa among university students.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 1000 students (429 male, 571 female) enrolled at Cappadocia University during the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. Social media addiction was assessed with the "Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) (Adult Form); social appearance anxiety was assessed with the "Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS)"; and orthorexia nervosa was assessed with the "ORTO-11" question scale. Additionally, the participants' anthropometric measurements were assessed.
Results: It was found that social appearance anxiety was higher, and orthorexic symptoms were more common in males compared to females (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). A positive, weak correlation was found between the scores obtained from SMAS and SAAS in both sexes (r=0.269, p<0.001; r=0.238, p<0.001, respectively). Only in males was a positive, very weak correlation found between the score obtained from the SMAS and the ORTO-11 (r=0.093, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Social appearance anxiety and orthorexia nervosa symptoms were found to be higher in males than in females. A weak positive correlation was found between social media addiction and social appearance anxiety in both genders, while only a very weak positive correlation was found between social media addiction and orthorexic tendencies in males. The findings suggest that social media addiction may have negative effects on young people's body image and healthy eating behaviours. Educational and awareness-raising initiatives targeting young people should be implemented to reduce this addiction, which negatively impacts the health of the younger generation and lays the groundwork for eating disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety , college students , eating behavior disorders , orthorexia nervosa , addiction.

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted according to the guidelines in the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval from the Cappadocia University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (number/date ETK.FR. Decision Number: 2019.04) was obtained for the study. Informed consent form was obtained from the participants.

Destekleyen Kurum

There is no organisation supporting the study.

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the students of Cappadocia University for their help during the data collection process.

Kaynakça

• Kabar P. Sanal dünyada maskelerimiz: Sanal kimlik, benlik saygısı ve internet bağımlılığının ilişkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 2024 Eylül;25(3):244-53. DOI: 10.51982/bagimli.1365492.
• Akalın A. Relationship between social media addiction and healthy lifestyle behaviors of nursing students. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 2022 Jun;23(2):162-69. DOI: 10.51982/bagimli.989576.
• Andreassen CS, Torsheim T, Brunborg GS, Pallesen S. Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychol Rep. 2012 Apr;110(2):501–17. DOI: 10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517.
• Persil Özkan Ö, Özçelik Ersü D, İrtürk ÖS. Gençlerde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve beslenme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İKÇÜSBFD. 2024 Haziran;9(2):225-33. DOI:10.61399/ikcusbfd.1309136.
• Chen Y, Liu X, Chiu DT, Li Y, Mi B, Zhang Y, et al. Problematic social media use and depressive outcomes among college students in China: Observational and experimental findings. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr;19(9):4937. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094937.
• Mills JS, Musto S, Williams L, Tiggemann M. "Selfie" harm: Effects on mood and body image in young women. Body Image. 2018 Dec;27:86-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.007.
• Aslan HR, Tolan ÖÇ. Social appearance anxiety, automatic thoughts, psychological well-being and social media addiction in university students. International Education Studies. 2022 Jan;15(1):47. DOI:10.5539/ies.v15n1p47.
• Başkale H, Çetinkaya B, Demiral Ü. Social appearance anxiety and mindful eating in nursing students. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023 June;8(2):307-15.
• Opara I, Santos N. A conceptual framework exploring social media, eating disorders, and body dissatisfaction among Latina adolescents. Hisp J Behav Sci. 2019 Aug;41:363–77. DOI: 10.1177/0739986319860844.
• Valle MK, Wade TD. Targeting the link between social media and eating disorder risk: A randomized controlled pilot study. Int J Eat Disord. 2022 Aug;55:1066-78. DOI: 10.1002/eat.23756.
• Vaccari G, Cutino A, Luisi F, Giambalvo N, Daneshmand SN, Pinelli M, et al. Is orthorexia nervosa a feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A multicentric, controlled study. Eat Weight Disord. 2021 Dec;26:2531-44. DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01114-7.
• Ormancı N. Kadınların beslenme alışkanlıkları ve ortoreksiya nervoza (Sağlıklı beslenme takıntıları) ilişkisi: KKTC Örneği. İKÇÜSBFD. 2022 Mayıs;7(2):223-9.
• Sanzari CM, Gorrell S, Anderson LM, Reilly EE, Niemiec MA, Orloff NC, et al. The impact of social media use on body image and disordered eating behaviors: Content matters more than duration of exposure. Eat Behav. 2023 Apr;49:101722. DOI:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101722.
• Şahin C, Yağcı M. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeği- yetişkin formu: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. KEFAD. 2017 Ocak;18:523-38.
• Hart TA, Flora DB, Palyo SA, Fresco DM, Holle C, Heimberg RG. Development and examination of the social appearance anxiety scale. Assessment. 2008 Mar;15:48-59. DOI: 10.1177/1073191107306673.
• Doğan T. Adaptation of the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS) to Turkish: A validity and reliability study. HU Journal of Education. 2010 January;39:151-9.
• Donini LM, Marsili D, Graziani MP, Imbriale M, Cannella C. Orthorexia nervosa: a preliminary study with a proposal for diagnosis and an attempt to 48 measure the dimension of the phenomenon. Eat Weight Disord. 2004 Jun;9(2):151-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF03325060.
• Arusoğlu G, Kabakçı E, Köksal G, Kutluay Merdol T. Ortoreksiya nervoza ve orto-11’in Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2008;19(3):283-91.
• Boutahar K, Chetoui A, Kaoutar K, Najimi M, Chigr F. Statut anthropométrique et perception de l’image corporelle chez des étudiants universitaires marocains. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2019 Sep;67(5):311-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.04.057.
• Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S. Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Apr;10:486–9. DOI: 10.5812/ijem.3505.
• Ali Z, Bhaskar Bala S. Basic statistical tools in research and data analysis. Indian J Anaest. 2016 Sep;60(9):662-9. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.190623.
• Cichon M. Reporting statistical methods and outcome of statistical analyses in research analyses in research articles. Pharmacol Rep. 2020 Jun;72:481-5. DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00110-5.
• Hawes T, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Campbell SM. Unique associations of social media use and online appearance preoccupation with depression, anxiety, and appearance rejection sensitivity. Body Image. 2020 Jun;33:66-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.010.
• de Diego Díaz Plaza M, Novalbos Ruiz JP, Rodríguez Martín A, Santi Cano MJ, Cortes SB. Redes sociales y ciberacoso en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (Social media and cyberbullying in eating disorders). Nutr Hosp. 2022 Aug;39(Suppl 2):62-7. DOI: 10.20960/nh.04180.
• de Valle MK, Wade TD. Targeting the link between social media and eating disorder risk: A randomized controlled pilot study. Int J Eat Disord. 2022 Aug;55(8):1066-78. DOI: 10.1002/eat.23756.
• Kinkel-Ram SS, Staples C, Rancourt D, Smith AR. Food for thought: Examining the relationship between low calorie density foods in Instagram feeds and disordered eating symptoms among undergraduate women. Eat Behav. 2022 Dec;47:101679. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101679.
• Zerhouni O, Flaudias V, Barré M, Rodgers RF. The effects of exposure to social media images of thin and average size women on body satisfaction among young women: Emotion regulation and self-efficacy as modulating factors. Body Image. 2022 Dec;43:292-300. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.011.
• Hosokawa R, Kawabe K, Nakachi K, Soga J, Horiuchi F, Ueno S. Effects of social media on body dissatisfaction in junior high school girls in Japan. Eat Behav. 2023 Jan;48:101685. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101685.
• Perelman H, Schwartz N, Yeoward-Dodson J, Quiñones IC, Murray MF, Dougherty EN, et al. Reducing eating disorder risk among male athletes: A randomized controlled trial investigating the male athlete body project. Int J Eat Disord. 2022 Feb;55(2):193-206. DOI: 10.1002/eat.23665.
• Almeida M, Brown TA, Campos PF, Amaras ACS, Carvalho PHB. Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention delivered in-person after an online training: A randomized controlled trial for Brazilian men with body dissatisfaction. Int J Eat Disord. 2021 Mar;54(3):293-304. DOI: 10.1002/eat.23423.
• White M, Berry R, Rodgers FR. Body image and body change behaviors associated with orthorexia symptoms in males. Body Image. 2020 Sep;34:46-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.003.
• Papapanou TK, Darviri C, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Tigani X, Michou M, Vlachakis D, et al. Strong correlations between social appearance anxiety, use of social media, and feelings of loneliness in adolescents and young adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb;20(5):4296. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054296.
• Caner N, Efe YS, Başdaş Ö. The contribution of social media addiction to adolescent LIFE: Social appearance anxiety. Curr Psychol. Curr Psychol. 2022;41(12):8424-33. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03280-y.
• Scheiber R, Diehl S, Karmasin M. Socio-cultural power of social media on orthorexia nervosa: An empirical investigation on the mediating role of thin-ideal and muscular internalization, appearance comparison, and body dissatisfaction. Appetite. 2023 Jun;185:106522. DOI:10.1016/j.appet.2023.106522.
• Jiaqing X, Alivi MA, Mustafa SE, Dharejo N. The impact of social media on women’s body image perception: a meta-analysis of well-being outcomes. iJIM. 2023 Nov;17(20):148–70. DOI:10.3991/ijim.v17i20.44665.
• Boonya-Anuchit C, Piyaraj P. Cyber-bullying perpetrator and victimization among adolescents: Prevalence and associated factors in population-based sample of secondary school student in rural community of Thailand. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2018 July;66(5):407. DOI:10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.463.
• Shannon H, Bush K, Villeneuve PJ, Hellemans KG, Guimond S. Problematic social media use in adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Ment Healt. 2022 Apr;9(4):e33450. DOI:10.2196/33450.
• Peng P, Liao Y. Six addiction components of problematic social media use in relation to depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms: a latent profile analysis and network analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2023 May;23(1):321. DOI:10.1186/s12888-023-04837-2.
• Lambert J, Barnstable G, Minter E, Cooper J, McEwan D. Taking a one-week break from social media improves well-being, depression, and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2022 May;25(5):287-93. DOI:10.1089/cyber.2021.0324.
• Xie Z. The influence of social media on perception of body image and beauty standards on young people. Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 2024 Apr;4:143-8. DOI:10.62051/67rvhh97.
• Delgado-Rodríguez R, Linares R, Moreno-Padilla M. Social network addiction symptoms and body dissatisfaction in young women: exploring the mediating role of awareness of appearance pressure and internalization of the thin ideal. J Eat Disord. 2022 Aug;10:117. DOI:10.1186/s40337-022-00643-5.
• Hai R, Yang Y. Social network site appearance comparison's prediction of anxiety among chinese females: The mediation effect of body area satisfaction, overweight preoccupation, and self-esteem. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar;13:775782. DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.775782.
• Clendennen SL, Loukas A, Vandewater EA, Perry CL, Wilkinson AV. Exposure and engagement with tobacco-related social media and associations with subsequent tobacco use among young adults: A longitudinal analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Aug;213:108072. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108072.
• Amin S, Dunn AG, Laranjo L. Exposure to e-cigarette information and advertising in social media and e-cigarette use in Australia: A mixed methods study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Aug;213:108112. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108112.
• Lee HY, Jamieson JP, Reis HT, Beevers CG, Josephs RA, Mullarkey MC, et al. Getting fewer "Likes" than others on social media elicits emotional distress among victimized adolescents. Child Dev. 2020 Nov;91(6):2141-59. DOI:10.1111/cdev.13422