Araştırma Makalesi

Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 31 Mayıs 2026
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Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship

Öz

Objective: Pregnant women’s self-efficacy and fear of childbirth significantly influence their birthing experience. This study aimed to assess self-efficacy and fear of childbirth among primigravida women, examine influencing factors, and explore the relationship between these variables. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 255 primigravida women who applied to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of an training and research hospital in Türkiye between August 2022 and June 2023. Data were collected using an individual introduction form, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Birth, and the Wijma Birth Expectancy/Experience Scale Version A. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses (Enter method) were used, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Women reported moderate levels of self-efficacy (56.96±18.12) and fear of childbirth (52.34±22.61). A significant negative correlation was found between self-efficacy and fear of childbirth (r= -0.373, p<0.001). Education level and household composition significantly influenced fear of childbirth. Gestational age showed a negative correlation, while marriage duration had a weak positive correlation with fear of childbirth. Regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy, participation in birth preparation classes, household composition, and education level significantly predicted fear of childbirth (21% variance explained). Fear of childbirth, spouse’s employment status, and household composition significantly predicted self-efficacy (15% variance explained). Conclusion: Increasing pregnant women’s self-efficacy reduces fear of childbirth. Socio-demographic factors like education, household structure, and birth preparation education significantly affect both fear and self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of personalized education and support during pregnancy

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

1919B012107172

Etik Beyan

Veriler, katılımcılardan yazılı onam alındıktan ve çalışmanın yürütüldüğü üniversitenin Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan (tarih: 26.05.2022, karar no: 268) ve çalışmanın yürütüldüğü hastaneden (tarih: 22.07.2022, karar no: 2022/70) kurumsal izin alındıktan sonra toplandı. Ölçeklerin çalışmada kullanılmasına ilişkin izin, ölçeklerin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarını yapan yazarlardan e-posta yoluyla alındı.

Teşekkür

Finansal destek için TÜBİTAK'a teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  1. Avcı SÇ, Cetişli NE. Effect of birth type on parenting behavior, infant perception and maternal attachment. Çukurova Med J. 2021;46(3):1059-69. DOI: 1017826/cumj.908829.
  2. Bostan FS, Kabukcuoğlu K. Factors relating to childbirth self efficacy among pregnant women: a CHAID analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Oct;42(7):2805-12. DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2109412.
  3. Mehrabadi M, Masoudifar M, Parvizi A, Rakhshani M, Mortazavi F. Effects of childbirth preparation classes program based on the national guideline on fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2020;23(1):58-68. DOI: 10.22038/IJOGI.2020.15737.
  4. Munkhondya BMJ, Munkhondya TE, Chirwa E, Wang H. Efficacy of companion-integrated childbirth preparation for childbirth fear, self-efficacy, and maternal support in primigravid women in Malawi. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2717-5.
  5. Mbwali I, Mbalinda SN, Kaye DK, Ngabirano TD. Factors associated with low childbirth self-efficacy for normal birth amongst women attending an urban prenatal clinic in Eastern Uganda. Midwifery. 2022;111:103358. DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103431.
  6. Shahhosseini Z, Nikbakht R, Motaghi Z, Hosseini Tabaghdehi M. Development of the short form Iranian women childbirth experience questionnaire: a confirmatory factor analysis approach item reduction. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):48. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05378-y.
  7. Bay H, Erkal Aksoy Y, Dereli Yılmaz S. Factors affecting primiparous pregnant women’s prenatal attachment levels, childbirth self-efficacy beliefs, and labor worry levels. Clin Nurs Res. 2022;31(5):952-9. DOI: 10.1177/10547738221078900.
  8. Eidouzaei F, Amiri-Farahani L, Mohammadi A, Pezaro S. Exploring the effect of cognitive-behavioral educations on childbirth self-efficacy, childbirth fear, and adaptation of maternal role among primiparous women: a quasi-experimental study. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther. 2022;41(3):616-33. DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00472-0.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Mayıs 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

21 Nisan 2025

Kabul Tarihi

14 Ağustos 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Batmaz, H., & Çetin Avcı, S. (2026). Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.61399/ikcusbfd.1680965
AMA
1.Batmaz H, Çetin Avcı S. Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship. İKÇÜSBFD. 2026;11(2):252-260. doi:10.61399/ikcusbfd.1680965
Chicago
Batmaz, Halime, ve Seda Çetin Avcı. 2026. “Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 11 (2): 252-60. https://doi.org/10.61399/ikcusbfd.1680965.
EndNote
Batmaz H, Çetin Avcı S (01 Mayıs 2026) Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 11 2 252–260.
IEEE
[1]H. Batmaz ve S. Çetin Avcı, “Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship”, İKÇÜSBFD, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 252–260, May. 2026, doi: 10.61399/ikcusbfd.1680965.
ISNAD
Batmaz, Halime - Çetin Avcı, Seda. “Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 11/2 (01 Mayıs 2026): 252-260. https://doi.org/10.61399/ikcusbfd.1680965.
JAMA
1.Batmaz H, Çetin Avcı S. Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship. İKÇÜSBFD. 2026;11:252–260.
MLA
Batmaz, Halime, ve Seda Çetin Avcı. “Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 11, sy 2, Mayıs 2026, ss. 252-60, doi:10.61399/ikcusbfd.1680965.
Vancouver
1.Halime Batmaz, Seda Çetin Avcı. Examining Vaginal Birth Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: Influencing Factors and Their Relationship. İKÇÜSBFD. 01 Mayıs 2026;11(2):252-60. doi:10.61399/ikcusbfd.1680965