COVID-19 karantinası sürecinde ve sonrasında beslenme, uyku ve iyi oluşta meydana gelen değişiklikler: longitudinal çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 izolasyon ve açılma dönemlerinde Türkiye'deki yetişkin kadınların besin alımı, antropometrik ölçümleri, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, uyku kalitesi ve psikolojik iyi oluşlarındaki değişimleri değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mayıs ve Temmuz 2020 tarihlerinde yürütülen bu uzunlamasına çalışmaya 19–60 yaş aralığında 129 kadın katılmıştır. Veriler; üç günlük besin tüketim kaydı, bir günlük fiziksel aktivite kaydı, antropometrik ölçümler, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi, Türkçe Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği ve PERMA İyi Oluş Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Beslenme verileri BEBIS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: İzolasyon döneminde ve sonrasında katılımcıların toplam enerji, karbonhidrat, protein ve yağ alımında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak omega-3 yağ asitleri, çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri, posa ve C vitamini alımı izolasyon döneminde anlamlı şekilde daha yüksektir. PERMA puanları izolasyon döneminde daha düşük; olumsuz duygu ve yalnızlık puanları ise daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Uyku kalitesi her iki dönemde de düşük düzeyde kalmıştır. Regresyon analizleri, protein ve omega-3 alımındaki artışın uyku ve iyi oluş üzerinde olumlu etkili olduğunu; doymuş yağ ve enerji alımındaki artışın ise olumsuz etkilerle ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, kriz dönemlerinde psikolojik durumun ve uyku kalitesinin beslenmeden etkilendiğini; özellikle omega-3 yağ asitlerinin uyku kalitesi ve genel iyi oluş üzerindeki olumlu etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle, izolasyon gibi stresli veya sosyal olarak kısıtlayıcı durumlarda omega-3 yağ asidi alımının artırılması, uyku ve duygusal sağlık açısından yararlı bir strateji olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• iyi oluş
• uyku kalitesi
• duygusal yeme
• beslenme

Changes in Nutrition, Sleep, and Well-Being During and After COVID-19 Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary intake, anthropometric measures, physical activity, sleep quality, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown and post-lockdown periods among adult women in Turkey. Material and Methods: A total of 129 women aged 19–60 participated in this longitudinal study conducted the first lockdown period in May and July 2020. Data were collected through three-day dietary records, one-day physical activity logs, anthropometric measurements, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Turkish Emotional Eating Scale, and the PERMA Well-Being Scale. Dietary data were analyzed using the BEBIS software. Results: There were no significant differences in total energy, carbohydrate, protein, or fat intake during and after the isolation period. However, intake of omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fats, fiber, and vitamin C was significantly higher during lockdown. PERMA scores were lower, and negative emotions and loneliness scores were higher during lockdown (p<0.001). Sleep quality remained poor in both periods. Regression analyses showed that increases in protein and omega-3 intake were associated with improvements in sleep and well-being, while higher saturated fat and energy intake were linked to negative outcomes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that psychological status and sleep quality during crisis periods can be influenced by nutrition, and highlights the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acids on sleep quality and overall well-being. Therefore, increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake may be considered a beneficial strategy for improving sleep and emotional health, particularly in stressful or socially restrictive situations such as isolation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• emotional eating
• nutrition
• sleep quality
• well-being

Kaynakça

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