The Effect of Acupuncture, One of Complementary Medicine Practice, on Obesity and Nutritional Status

Öz

Obesity is a global health problem with an increasing prevalence. It is accepted that the best noninvasive method in the treatment of obesity is medical nutrition therapy and/ or behavioral change with adequate and balanced nutrition. Although controversial in terms of advantages and disadvantages, pharmacological treatment and bariatric surgery are other invasive and noninvasive treatment methods of obesity. Acupuncture, which is a traditional and complementary medicine practice based on Chinese culture, is also used in the treatment of obesity today. In this review, the current literature information on the philosophy of acupuncture, the types of acupuncture applications, its usage areas, safety, and its place in obesity treatment were compiled.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acupuncture
• obesity
• weight loss

Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamalarından Akupunkturun Obezite ve Beslenme Durumu Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Obezite prevalansı giderek artan küresel bir sağlık sorunudur. Obezitenin tedavisinde en iyi noninvaziv yöntemin tıbbi beslenme tedavisi ve/veya yeterli ve dengeli beslenme ile davranış değişikliği olduğu kabul görmektedir. Avantaj ve dezavantajları bakımından tartışmalı olmakla birlikte farmakolojik tedavi ve bariatrik cerrahi obezitenin diğer invaziv ve noninvaziv tedavi yöntemlerindendir. Günümüzde obezitenin tedavisinde, geçmişi Çin kültürüne dayanan geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı bir tıp uygulaması olan akupunktur da kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede akupunkturun felsefesi, akupunktur uygulamalarının çeşitleri, kullanım alanları, güvenliği ve obezite tedavisindeki yerine ait güncel literatür bilgisi bir araya getirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akupunktur
• Obezite
• Ağırlık kaybı

Kaynakça

1. World Health Organization [Internet]. Obesity; 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1.
2. World Health Organization [Internet]. Obesity and Overweight; 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/ detail/obesity-and-overweight.
3. World Health Organization [Internet]. Waist Circumference and Waist- Hip Ratio; 2008 [cited 2021 Oct 30]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/44583/9789241?sequence=1.
4. World Health Organization [Internet]. BMI for Age (5-19 Years); 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/toolkits/growthreference- data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age.
5. World Health Organization [Internet]. Weight for length/height; 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/toolkits/childgrowth- standards/standards/weight-for-length-height.
6. Apovian CM. Obesity: definition, comorbidities, causes, and burden. Am J Manag Care. 2016;22(7):176-85.
7. Ruban A. Medical devices in obesity treatment. Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(10):1-6.
8. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2017. Ankara; 2019. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/sagliklibeslenme- hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_20.08. pdf.

9. Gadde KM, Martin CK, Berthoud HR, Heymsfield SB. Obesity pathophysiology and management. JACC. 2018;71(1):69-84.
10. Gündüz T. Akupunktur ile obezite tedavisi. Ankara Akupunktur ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Dergisi. 2015;3(1):1-5.
11. Çayır Y, Gürsoy PG. İn vitro fertilizasyon ve akupunktur. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2018;10(3):420-23.
12. Abdi H, Tayefi M, Moallem SR, Baxiao Z, Fayaz M, Ardabili HM, et. al. Abdominal and auricular acupuncture reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Complement Ther Med. 2017;31:20-6.
13. Round R, Litscher G, Bahr F, Isır AB (Çeviren). Lazerle kulak akupunkturu. Ankara Akupunktur. 2015;3(2):10-36.
14. Andaç T, Gürkan ÖC, Demirci N. Üriner inkontinansta kanıt temelli tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedaviler. KOU Sag Bil Der. 2020;6(2):83-90.
15. Köroğlu FT, Artantaş AB. Primer raynaud sendromu atak anında akupunktur etkisi: olgu sunumu. Ankara Akupunktur. 2017;5(1):4-7.
16. Brittner M, Pertel NL, Gold MA. Acupuncture in pediatrics. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2016;46:179-83.
17. Law D, McDonough S, Bleakley C, Baxter GD, Tumilty S. Laser acupuncture for treating musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2015;8(1):2-16.
18. Çanakçı E, Cebeci Z. Obezite tedavisinde ve akupunktur’un yeri. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği Dergisi. 2017;9(4):23-30.
19. Cho WC, Li C, Chen HY. Clinical efficacy of acupoint embedment in weight control a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2018;97(36):1-8.
20. Nam MH, Lee SW, Na HY, Yoo JH, Paik SH, Ahn KS, et. al. Herbal acupuncture for the treatment of obesity. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2016;9(2):49-57.
21. Cabıoğlu MT. Akupunkturun etki mekanizmalarına nörofizyolojik bakış. Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2016; 19(3): 174-8.
22. Alp H. Diskopatiye bağlı nöropatik ağrıda non farmakolojik bir yöntem: akupunktur uygulaması. Journal of Complementary Medicine, Regulation and Neural Therapy. 2020;14(1):8-10.
23. World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine; 2019 [Cited 2020 Dec 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/traditional-complementary-integrative-medicine/ WhoGlobalReportOnTraditionalAndComplementaryMedicine2019.pdf?ua=1.
24. Shen FJ, Xu J, Zhan YJ, Fu QH, Peı J. Acupuncture for migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Acupunct Moxibustion. 2019;29:7-14.
25. Karasimav Ö, Yıldız Y. Spor hekimliğinde akupunktur uygulamaları. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi. 2015;50:49-56.
26. Erden V, Yıldız AS, Güler C, Aydın N, Hamzaoğlu N, Delatioğlu H, et. al. Laparoskopik kolesistektomi operasyonlarında akupunktur uygulamasının ameliyat sonrası analjeziye etkisi. Ağrı. 2015;27(3):155-9.
27. Pimentel RDL, Duque AP, Moreira BR, Junior LR. Acupuncture for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2019;12(2):43-51.
28. Qu F, Wu Y, Hu XY, Barry JA, Zhou J, Wang FF, et. al. The effects of acupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. EuJIM. 2016;8:12-8.
29. Bülbül T. Bulantı ve kusmada akupunktur uygulamaları. Integratif Tıp Dergisi. 2015;3(2):104-5.
30. Durmuş A. Astımda akupunktur. Maltepe Tıp Dergisi. 2017;9(2):34-7.
31. Yeo S, Noort MVD, Bosch P, Lim S. A study of the effects of 8-week acupuncture treatment on patients with parkinson's disease. Medicine. 2018;97(50):1-10.
32. Xiaoxi L, Xuezhu Z, Kun N, Yujie J, Jing L, Zhenzhen L, et. al. Effect of electro-scalp acupuncture on acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, single blind, trial. JTCM. 2018;38(1):95-100.
33. Firouzjaei A, Li GC, Wang N, Liu WX, Zhu BM. Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. Nutrition and Diabetes. 2016;6(1):1-9.
34. Lim RCH. Painless laser acupuncture for smoking cessation. Med Acupunct. 2018;30(3):159-62.
35. Zhang K, Zhou S, Wang C, Xu H, Zhang L. Acupuncture on obesity: clinical evidence and possible neuroendocrine mechanisms. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2018;1-15.
36. Esteghamati A, Mazaheri T, Rad MV, Noshad S. Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of obesity: a critical review. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;13(2):1-9.
37. Tseng CC, Tseng A, Tseng J, Chang CH. Effect of laser acupuncture on anthropometric measurements and appetite sensations in obese subjects. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016:1-8.
38. Yao J, He Z, Chen Y, Xu M, Shi Y, Zhang L, et. al. Acupuncture and weight loss in asians a prisma-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019;98(33):1-10.
39. Zhou X, Xing B, He G, Lyu X, Zeng Y. The effects of electrical acupuncture and essential amino acid supplementation on sarcopenic obesity in male older adults: a randomized control study. Obes Facts. 2018;11:327-34.
40. Abdi H, Ghaffarian-Zirak R, Barati E, Ghazizadeh H, Rohban M, Ghayour- Mobarhan M. Effect of body and ear acupuncture on obesity. Obes Med. 2020;19:1-9.
41. Lillingston F, Fields P, Waechter R. Auricular acupuncture associated with reduced waist circumference in overweight women-a randomized controlled trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2019;1-7.
42. Ito H, Yamada O, Kira Y, Tanaka T, Matsuoka R. The effects of auricular acupuncture on weight reduction and feeding-related cytokines: a pilot study. BMJ Open Gastroenterology. 2015;2(1):1-7.
43. Hung YC, Hung IL, Hu WL, Tseng YJ, Kuo CE, Liao YN, et. al. Reduction in postpartum weight with laser acupuncture a randomized control trial. Medicine. 2016;95(34):1-7.
44. Lu SF, Tang YX, Zhang T, Fu SP, Hong H, Cheng Y, et. al. Electroacupuncture reduces body weight by regulating fat browning- related proteins of adipose tissue in hfd-ınduced obese mice. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2019;10:1-11.
45. Han J, Guo X, Meng XJ, Zhang J, Yamaguchi R, Motoo Y, et. al. Acupuncture improved lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal absorption in mice. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(34):5118-29.
46. Peplow PV, McLean GTZ. Repeated electroacupuncture: an effective treatment for hyperglycemia in a rat model J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2015;8(2):71-6.
47. Birch S, Alraek T, Lee MS. Challenges for clinical practice guidelines in traditional medicines: the example of acupuncture. EuJIM. 2016;8(3):332-6.
48. Wozniak P, Stachowiak G, Dolinska AP, Oszukowski P. Laser acupuncture and low-calorie diet during visceral obesity therapy after menopause. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003;8(2):69-73.
49. Cabıoğlu MT, Çetin N, Ergene N, Gündoğan NÜ. Obezite tedavisinde 2 hz frekansta dietle birlikte elektroakupunktur ve sadece diet uygulamasının kilo kaybı ile beta endorfin, adrenokortikotrop hormon ve kortizol düzeylerine etkileri. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi. 2008;24(1):7-15.
50. Cabıoğlu MT, Çetin N, Köymen S, Arslan G. Obezite tedavisinde 2 Hz frekansta elektroakupunktur ve diet uygulamasının vücut ağırlığına ve vücut yağ ağırlığına etkileri. Genel Tıp Dergisi. 2008;18(4):139-46.
51. Çelebi MM, Akkurt S, Gençbay MB, Küçük MÖ. The efficacy of auricular acupuncture application in the treatment of obesity. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi. 2019;54(1):45-51.
52. Cabıoğlu MT. Şişman kadınlarda elektroakupunktur ve diyet uygulaması ile meydana gelen ağırlık kaybı, serum leptin ve beta endorfin düzeylerindeki değişmeler. Genel Tıp Dergisi. 2003;13(2):41-7.
53. Cabıoğlu MT, Ergene N. Changes in levels of serum insulin, c-peptide and glucose after electroacupuncture and diet therapy in obese women. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34(3):367-76.
54. Sumanto S. Kristiyawati MD. Efektifitas terapi akupunktur dikombinasi dengan diet berserat tinggi pada usia lanjut hiperlipidemia di posyandu lansia mojosongo jebres kota surakarta. Jurnal Keterapian Fisik. 2019;4(1):51-8.
55. Peplow PV, Baxter D. Electroacupuncture for control of blood glucose in diabetes: literature review. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2012;5(1):1-10.
56. Park J, Sohn Y, White AR, Lee H. The safety of acupuncture during pregnancy: a systematic review. Acupuncture in Medicine. 2014;32(3):257-66.
57. Chan MWC, Wu XY, Wu YCY, Wong SYSve Chung VCH. Safety of acupuncture: overview of systematic reviews. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1-11.
58. 58. Kermenli T, Özer MM, Gülen G. Akupunktur uygulamasının hayatı tehdit eden komplikasyonu; bilateral pnömotoraks. Ulusal Akciğer Sağlığı Kongresi, Antalya/Türkiye, 2019.