Diyetetik Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinde Sınav Stresi: Stres, Uyku kalitesi ve Beslenme Durumundaki Değişiklikler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 9 - 15, 31.01.2022

Gülen Suna Nilgün Seremet Kürklü Hülya Kamarlı Altun

Öz

Amaç: Stresli olmak, bireylerin yaşam tarzlarını etkileyerek, birçok aktivitede değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Beslenme ve Diyetetik 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin eğitim ve sınav dönemlerindeki stres düzeylerini ve uyku kalitelerini belirlemeyi ve beslenme durumlarını, iştah ve yaşadıkları fiziksel değişiklikleri karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak planlanan bu çalışmada, Beslenme ve Diyetetik birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin (n = 74; % 93’ü kadın) eğitim ve sınav dönemlerinde, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği-21 ile stres düzeyi ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi ile uyku kaliteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin besin alımları ve fiziksel aktiviteleri 24 saatlik geriye dönük hatırlama yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Sınav döneminde öğrencilerin stres, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuş ve uyku kalitelerinin daha kötü olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Öğrencilerin sınav döneminde toplam enerji harcamalarının ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin eğitim dönemine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde azaldığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Mikro-besin ögeleri alımında anlamlı bir azalma bulunmuştur (p <0.05). Ayrıca öğrencilerin sınav döneminde eğitim dönemine göre daha az miktarda süt ürünleri, meyve ve sebze tükettiği belirlenmiştir (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Beslenme ve Diyetetik birinci sınıf öğrencilerinde sınav dönemi strese neden olmaktadır ve besin tüketimi ile fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini değiştirmektedir. Sınav döneminde aşırı yemek yeme
isteğinin artmasına rağmen besin tüketim kayıtlarında enerji ve makro besin ögeleri alımında değişiklik olmaması, öğrencilerin besin tüketimini kısıtlamasından kaynaklanıyor olabilir. Beslenme ve Diyetetik birinci sınıf öğrencileri, özellikle stresli dönemlerde sağlıklı beslenme davranışlarını sürdürmelerine yardımcı olmak için stres yönetimi konusunda bilgilendirilmeli ve sağlıklı beslenmeye teşvik edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Besin tüketimi, sınav stresi, birinci sınıf öğrenciler, uyku, beslenme ve diyetetik.

Exam Stress in Dietetics Freshmen: Changes in Stress, Sleep Quality, and Nutritional Status

Öz

Objective: Feeling under stress affects the individuals’ lifestyles and leads to changes in their various activities. This study aims to determine the stress level and sleep quality of the nutrition and dietetics freshmen during the education and exam periods and compare their nutritional status with their appetite and physical changes.

Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, the stress level of the first-years of the nutrition and dietetics (n=74; 93% were female) was determined by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, and their sleep qualities were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The 24-hour recall method was used to evaluate students’ dietary intake and physical activity during education and exam periods.

Results: In the exam period, the students experienced higher stress, anxiety, and depression levels, and they had a bad sleep quality (p<0.05). The students’ total energy expenditure and physical activity levels during the exam period decreased statistically significantly compared to the education period (p<0.05). A significant decrease was found in micronutrient intake (p<0.05). In addition, the students consumed fewer dairy products, fruits, and vegetables in the exam period than they did in the education period (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The exam period causes stress for the dietetics freshmen and changes their food consumption and physical activity levels. The fact that there was no change in energy and macronutrients in their food consumption records, despite their increasing desire to overeat during the exam period, may be due to the students restricting their food consumption. Dietetics freshmen should be informed about stress management and encouraged to eat healthily, especially during stressful periods, to help them maintain their healthy eating behaviours.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nutritional intake, exam stress, freshmen, sleep, nutrition and dietetics.

Kaynakça

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