Fizyoterapide Zihin-Beden Birlikteliğini Amaçlayan Bütüncül Bir Yaklaşım: Temel Beden Farkındalık Terapisi–Literatür Derlemesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 157 - 165, 31.01.2022

Hamiyet Yüce Şule Keçelioğlu

Öz

Amaç: Kuzey Avrupa ülkelerinde, kronik kas iskelet problemleri ve psikiyatrik bozukluğu olan hastaların rehabilitasyonunda sıklıkla kullanılan ve zihin-beden bütünlüğünü hedefleyen Temel Beden Farkındalık Terapisi biyo-psiko-sosyal ve varoluşçu bir hareket terapisidir. Bu derleme Temel Beden Farkındalık Terapisi’nin hangi hasta grupları için değerlendirildiğini, hangi değişkenler ile çalışıldığını ve hangi etkilerinin belgelendiğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: MEDLINE/PubMed ve PEDro veri tabanlarında Ocak 2000-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında tarama yapıldı. Tarama, Temel Beden Farkındalık Terapisi yönteminin kullanıldığı toplam 19 çalışma ile sonuçlandı ve 13 araştırma makalesi dâhil edilme kriterlerine göre seçildi. Dahil edilen çalışmaların metodolojik kalitesi Fizyoterapi Kanıt Veri Tabanı Ölçeği kullanılarak da değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Temel Beden Farkındalık Terapisi’nin beden farkındalığı, hareket kalitesi, yaşam kalitesi, öz-yeterlilik, beden memnuniyetsizliği, fiziksel baş etme kaynakları, anksiyete, ağrı şiddeti ve skolyoz bulguları üzerinde etkisi vardı.

Sonuç: Kanıtlar, hem kas-iskelet sistemi sorunları hem de akıl sağlığı/psikiyatrik bozuklukları olan hastalarda semptomları hafifletmek için Temel Beden Farkındalık Terapisinin kullanımını desteklemektedir. Uzun vadeli takipli çalışmaların yanı sıra, yüksek kanıt düzeyine sahip randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rehabilitasyon, Bütüncül terapi, farkındalık, fizyoterapi

Destekleyen Kurum

Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

BAP- 19-1009-126

A Holistic Approach That Aims the Unity of Mind and Body in Physiotherapy: Basic Body Awareness Therapy–Narrative Review

Öz

Objective: In Northern European countries, Basic Body Awareness Therapy which is frequently used in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic musculoskeletal problems and psychiatric disorders and aimed at mind-body unity is a bio-psycho-social and existential movement therapy. This review aims to analyze in which patient groups the Basic Body Awareness Therapy was evaluated, with which variables it was studied, and which effects were documented.

Material and Method: MEDLINE/PubMed and PEDro databases were searched between January 2000 and December 2020. The search resulted in a total of 19 studies using the Basic Body Awareness Therapy method, and 13 research articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was also assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale.

Results: Basic Body Awareness Therapy had an effect on body awareness, quality of movement, quality of life, self-efficacy, body dissatisfaction, physical coping resources, anxiety, pain severity, and scoliosis findings.

Conclusion: The evidence supports the use of Basic Body Awareness Therapy to alleviate symptoms both for patients with musculoskeletal problems and mental health/ psychiatric disorders. In addition to studies with long-term follow-up, randomized controlled studies with a high level of evidence are needed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Holistic therapy, awareness, physiotherapy, rehabilitation

Proje Numarası

BAP- 19-1009-126

Kaynakça

• Gyllensten AL, Skoglund K, Wulf I. Basic Body Awareness Therapy: Embodied identity. Stockholm: Vulkan; 2018.
• Roxendal G. Body awareness therapy and body awareness scale: treament and evaluation in psychiatric physiotherapy. University of Gothenburg; 1985.
• International Association of Teachers in Basic Body Awareness Therapy [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Aug 6]. Available from: http://www. iatbbat.com/
• Hedlund L, Gyllensten AL. The experiences of basic body awareness therapy in patients with schizophrenia. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010;14(3):245–54.
• Lindvall MA, Anderzén Carlsson A, Forsberg A. Basic Body Awareness Therapy for patients with stroke: Experiences among participating patients and physiotherapists. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016;20(1):83–9.
• Gyllensten AL, Skär L, Miller M, Gard G. Embodied identity - A deeper understanding of body awareness. Physiother Theory Pract. 2010;26(7):439–46.
• Cashin AG, McAuley JH. Clinimetrics: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. J Physiother. 2020;66(1):59.
• Aspegren Kendall S, Brolin-Magnusson K, Sören B, Gerdle B, Henriksson KG. A pilot study of body awareness programs in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;13(5):304–11.
• Mannerkorpi K, Arndorw M. Efficacy and feasibility of a combination of body awareness therapy and qigong in patients with fibromyalgia: A pilot study. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36(6):279–81.
• Bravo C, Skjaerven LH, Espart A, Guitard Sein-Echaluce L, Catalan- Matamoros D. Basic Body Awareness Therapy in patients suffering from fibromyalgia: A randomized clinical trial. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019;35(10):919–29.
• Seferiadis A, Ohlin P, Billhult A, Gunnarsson R. Basic body awareness therapy or exercise therapy for the treatment of chronic whiplash associated disorders: A randomized comparative clinical trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2016;38(5):442–51.
• Sertel M, Bakar Y, Şimşek TT. The Effect of Body Awareness Therapy and Aerobic Exercises on Pain and Quality of Life in The Patients with Tension Type Headache. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med AJTCAM. 2017;14(2):288–310.
• Yagci G, Ayhan C, Yakut Y. Effectiveness of basic body awareness therapy in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: A randomized controlled study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2018;31(4):693–701.
• Yagci G, Yakut Y, Simsek E. The effects of exercise on perception of verticality in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Physiother Theory Pract. 2018;34(8):579–88.
• Gyllensten AL, Hansson L, Ekdahl C. Outcome of basic body awareness therapy. A randomized controlled study of patients in psychiatric outpatient care. Adv Physiother. 2003;5(4):179–90.
• Gyllensten AL, Ekdahl C, Hansson L. Long-term effectiveness of basic body awareness therapy in psychiatric outpatient care. A randomized controlled study. Adv Physiother. 2009;11(1):2–12.
• Danielsson L, Papoulias I, Petersson EL, Carlsson J, Waern M. Exercise or basic body awareness therapy as add-on treatment for major depression: A controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2014;168:98–106.
• Catalan-Matamoros D, Helvik-Skjaerven L, Labajos-Manzanares MT, Martínez-De-Salazar-Arboleas A, Sánchez-Guerrero E. A pilot study on the effect of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in patients with eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011;25(7):617–26.
• Nordbrandt MS, Sonne C, Mortensen EL, Carlsson J. Traumaaffected refugees treated with basic body awareness therapy or mixed physical activity as augmentation to treatment as usual -A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0230300.
• Lindvall MA, Forsberg A. Body awareness therapy in persons with stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(12):1180–8.
• Institutet för Basal Kroppskännedom (IBK) [Internet]. [cited 2021 May 27]. Available from: https://www.ibk.nu/forskning/vetenskapligastudier/
• Ahola S, Skjaerven LH, Piirainen A. Physiotherapists’ conceptions of movement awareness– A phenomenographic study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2021;4:1–15.
• Skjaerven LH, Mattsson M. Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT): a movement awareness learning modality in physiotherapy promoting movement quality. In: Probst M, Skjaerven LH, editors. Physiotherapy in Mental Health and Psychiatry – a scientific and clinical based approach. Poland: Elsevier; 2018. p. 59–68.
• Skjaerven LH, Mattsson M, Catalan-Matamoros D, Parker A, Gard G, Gyllensten AL. Consensus on core phenomena and statements describing Basic Body Awareness Therapy within the movement awareness domain in physiotherapy. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019;35(1):80–93.
• Gyllensten AL, Ekdahl C, Hansson L. Validity of the Body Awareness Scale - Health (BAS-H). Scand J Caring Sci. 1999;13(4):217–26.
• Skjaerven LH, Gard G, Sundal MA, Strand LI. Reliability and validity of the Body Awareness Rating Scale (BARS), an observational assessment tool of movement quality. Eur J Physiother. 2015;17(1):19–28.
• Probst M. Observation and evaluation tools within physiotherapy in mental health. In: Probst M, Skjaerven LH, editors. Physiotherapy in Mental Health and Psychiatry-a scientific and clinical based approach. Poland: Elsevier; 2018. p. 98–119.
• Bergström M, Ejelöv M, Mattsson M, Stålnacke BM. One-year follow-up of body awareness and perceived health after participating in a multimodal pain rehabilitation programme-A pilot study. Eur J Physiother. 2014;16(4):246–54.
• Sundén A, Ekdahl C, Horstman V, Gyllensten AL. Analyzing Movements Development and Evaluation of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ). Physiother Res Int. 2016;21(2):70–6.
• Nyboe L, Bentholm A, Gyllensten AL. Bodily symptoms in patients with post traumatic stress disorder: A comparative study of traumatized refugees, Danish war veterans, and healthy controls. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;21(3):523–7.
• Hedlund L, Gyllensten AL, Waldegren T, Hansson L. Assessing movement quality in persons with severe mental illness – Reliability and validity of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality and Experience. Physiother Theory Pract. 2016;32(4):296–306.
• Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson VS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB. Evidence-based medicine: How to practice and teach EBM. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2000.