A New Perspective on Infertility: Microbiota

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 299 - 305, 02.06.2024

Kübra Özyer Sümeyye Kemaneci

https://doi.org/10.61399/ikcusbfd.1219405

Öz

A rapid decline in total fertility rate has been seen worldwide. Increasing infertility rates are among the causes of this condition, that is stated that 10-15% of couples are affected by infertility. While many factors such as genital infections, ovarian reserve deficiency, ovulation irregularity, obesity have been shown as the cause of infertility, microbiota has been included among these factors with a new perspective in recent years. Gut microbiota has the ability to regulate sex hormones and metabolites, which is essential for reproductive status and optimal levels. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can lead to the deterioration of the metabolism of sex hormones, especially estrogen, and may lead to various reproductive health problems including endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial hyperplasia. While the female and male genital organs contain various microorganisms, Lactobacillus is the dominant flora, and this dominance is associated with reproductive system health, fertility, and healthy pregnancy. Although it is stated that various microorganisms in the male urogenital system are associated with semen quality, it is stated that dysbiosis of the male urogenital microbiota causes infections, a decrease in sperm quality, and various reproductive disorders. Negative changes in the microbiota are associated with abortion, still/preterm birth, recurrent implantation failure, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and many other adverse pregnancy outcomes during pregnancy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the relationship between human intestinal and urogenital microbiota and fertility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gut microbiota, fertility, infertility, urogenital microbiota

İnfertiliteye Yeni Bir Bakış Açısı: Mikrobiyota

Öz

Dünya genelindeki toplam doğurganlık hızında hızlı bir düşüş görülmektedir. Artan infertilite oranları, bu durumun nedenleri arasında yer almakta olup çiftlerin %10-15’inin infertiliteden etkilendiği ifade edilmektedir. Genital enfeksiyonlar, over rezerv azlığı, yumurtlama düzensizliği, obezite gibi birçok faktör infertilite nedeni olarak gösterilirken son yıllarda yeni bir bakış açısıyla mikrobiyota da bu faktörler arasına dahil edilmiştir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, üreme durumunun gerçekleşmesini sağlayan ve düzeylerinin optimal olması oldukça önemli olan cinsiyet hormonlarını ve metabolitlerini düzenleyebilme yeteneğine sahiptir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının disbiyoza uğraması östrojen başta olmak üzere cinsiyet hormonlarının metabolizmasının bozulmasına neden olarak endometriozis, polikistik over sendromu, endometrial hiperplazi gibi çeşitli üreme sağlığı sorunlarına yol açabilmektedir. Kadın ve erkek genital organları, çeşitli mikroorganizmalar barındırırken baskın florayı Lactobacillus oluşturmaktadır ve bu baskınlık üreme sistemi sağlığı, fertilite ve sağlıklı gebelik ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Erkek ürogenital sisteminde bulunan çeşitli mikroorganizmaların semen kalitesi ile ilişkili olduğu belirtilmekle birlikte erkek ürogenital mikrobiyotasının disbiyozunun enfeksiyonlara, sperm kalitesinde azalmaya ve çeşitli üreme bozukluklarına neden olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Mikrobiyotadaki olumsuz değişiklikler gebelik sürecinde abortus, ölü/preterm doğum, tekrarlayan implantasyon başarısızlığı, preeklampsi, gestasyonel diyabet ve diğer birçok olumsuz gebelik sonucu ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı insan bağırsak ve ürogenital mikrobiyotası ile fertilite arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, fertilite, infertilite, ürogenital mikrobiyota

Kaynakça

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