Türkiye'de Seçilmiş Gıda İşleme Firmalarının Etkinlik ve Toplam Faktör Verimliliğinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı 2015-2019 dönemi Türkiye gıda işleme sektöründeki firmaların etkinlik ve verimlilik analizidir. Çalışmada girdi olarak firmaların özkaynakları ve ücretli çalışan sayısı olmak üzere iki değişken kullanırken çıktı olarak firmaların net satış rakamları kullanılmıştır. Veri Zarflama Analizi yöntemi ile Malmquist endeksi yaklaşımı kullanarak iki aşamada tahminler yapılmıştır. İlk aşamadaki firmaların teknik etkinlik sonuçları, bir firma dışında diğer bütün firmaların optimal ölçeğin altında faaliyet yaptıklarını göstermiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasındaki Malmquist endeksi sonuçları ise incelenen dönemde bütün firmaların teknik etkinlik değişmelerinin arttığını ve ayrıca üç firma dışında diğer bütün firmalarda verimlilik artışı olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak firmaların birçoğunda teknolojik gelişme değişmeleri ele alınan dönemde düşüş göstermiştir. Sonuçlara göre teknolojik değişmesindeki düşüş, bu firmaların verimlilik düşüşüne neden olan önemli etken olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etkinlik
• Verimlilik
• Malmquist Endeksi
• Gida Endüstri
• Veri Zarflama Analizi

A Comparative Analysis of The Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity of Selected Food Processing Companies in Turkey

Abstract

The main purpose of the study is the efficiency and productivity analysis of selected firms that operating in the Turkey food processing industry in 2015-2019 period. In the study, two variables, namely the equity of the firms and the number of paid employees, are used as input, while the net sales values of the firms are used as output. Estimates were made in two stages using the Data Envelopment Analysis method and the Malmquist index approach as a method. The technical efficiency results of the firms in the first stage showed that all firms except one firm operate below the optimal scale. The results of the Malmquist index in the second stage of the study showed that the technical efficiency changes of all firms increased in the examined period, and there was an increase in productivity in all firms except for three firms. However, technological development changes in most of the companies decreased in the period under consideration. According to the results, the decrease in technological change was determined as the important factor causing the decrease in productivity of these companies.

Keywords

• Efficiency
• Productivity
• Malmquist Index
• Data Envelopment Analysis
• Food Industry

Kaynakça

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