Mutluluk Ekonomisi Üzerine Ölçek Geliştirme ve Uygulama

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: "Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılında Türkiye'nin Sosyo-Ekonomisi" Özel Sayısı, 117 - 136, 29.10.2023

Mehmet Polat

https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1347644

Öz

Bu çalışma, iki temel amaç üzerine bina edilmiştir. Birincisi, mutluluk ekonomisi bağlamında bir mutluluk ölçeği geliştirmektir. İkincisi, güvenirliği ve uygulanabilirliği ispatlanan mutluluk ölçeğini belirlenen modeller çerçevesinde test etmektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, ölçek geliştirme aşamaları tek tek takip edilerek açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler neticesinde güven, beklenti, ekonomik kazanç ve yaşam standardı (EKYS) ve öznel iyi oluş (ÖİO) olmak üzere dört faktör elde edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise geliştirilen mutluluk ölçeği, Çoklu Grup Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (ÇGYEM) kullanılarak belirlenen iki model kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın her iki modelinin neredeyse tüm grup sonuçlarında, bireylerin güven, beklenti ve EKYS düzeylerinin önemli düzeyde ÖİO üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Özellikle erkeklerin güven ve EKYS düzeylerinin beklentiler üzerinden ÖİO düzeyini önemli düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür. Çıkan sonuçlara göre araştırma modellerinde yer alan aracı ve bağımsız değişkenlerin yeterli olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca bireylerin güven, ekonomik kazanç ve yaşam standartlarının gelecekle ilgili beklentilerini önemli düzeyde etkilediği ve beklentilerinin de mutluluk üzerinde önemli düzeyde belirleyici olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mutluluk Ekonomisi, Öznel İyi Oluş, Çoklu Grup Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli

Destekleyen Kurum

Araştırmacı, kendi imkanları ile bu çalışmayı yapmıştır.

Scale Development and Application on the Economics of Happiness

Öz

This study is built on two main aims. The first is to develop a happiness scale in the context of happiness economics. The second is to test the happiness scale, which reliability and applicability have been proven, within the framework of the determined models. In this context, in the first stage of the study, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted by following the scale development stages one by one. As a result of the analyses, four factors were obtained: trust, expectation, economic earnings and standard of living (EESL), and subjective well-being (SWB). In the second stage, the developed happiness scale was analyzed within the scope of two models determined using the Multi-group Structural Equation Modeling (MSEM). In almost all group results of both study models, it was observed that individuals' trust, expectation, and EESL levels had a significant positive and significant effect on SWB. In particular, it was observed that men's trust and EESL levels significantly affected the level of SWB through expectations. According to the results, it can be said that the mediator and independent variables in the research models are sufficient. In addition, it is concluded that individuals' trust, economic earnings, and living standards significantly affect their expectations about the future, and their expectations are also significant determinants of happiness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Happiness Economics, Subjective Well-Being, Multi-group Structural Equation Modeling

Kaynakça

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