تأثير حركة التغريب على بعض الفتاوى المعاصرة

İbrahim Salkini

Araştırma Makalesi

Bazı Güncel Fetvalarda Yabancılaşmanın Etkisi / Impact of Alienation in Certain Modern Fatwas / تأثير حركة التغريب على بعض الفتاوى المعاصرة

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 3, 147 - 164, 06.09.2016

İbrahim Salkini

Öz

Araştırma, yabancılaşma ve batı düşüncesinden etkilenen ve sabit fıkhî hükümleri değiştiren, naslara
ve cumhuru ulemaya muhalefet eden bir kısım fetvaları kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada o fetvalar ele alınıp
incelenmiş, İslam genelinde ve fıkıh özelindeki etkileri üzerinde durulmuştur.
Araştırma şu konuları ele almıştır: banka faizlerinin mubah oluşu, başörtüsünün farz olmadığı,
kadının mahremsiz sefere/seyahate çıkabilmesi, çok eşliliğin yasaklanması, cizyenin inkâr edilmesi, had
cezalarının inkâr edilmesi, cihad farizasının inkâr edilmesi.
Ayrıca araştırmada deliller tartışılmaksızın ele alınmaktadır. Zira delillerin tartışılması ve
değerlendirilmesi, her bir konu için müstakil bir araştırmayı muciptir. Bu ise konumuzun dışındadır.
Allah’tan, dinini koruduğu gibi bizi de kusur ve hatalardan korumasını diliyorum. Her türlü övgü
âlemlerin rabbi olan Allah’a mahsustur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

al-I’tisam, Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Lahmi ash-Shatibi, Ed. Salim ibn ‘id al-Hilali, Daru Ibni Affan, First edition, Hubar, 1992/ 1412.
Ayna al-Hata’u, Abdallah al-Alayili, Daru al-Ilmi li al-Malayin, Beirut, 1978.
Bunyatu al-Aqli al-Arabiyyi, Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri, Marqazu Dirasati al-Wahdati al-Arabiyyati, Ninth Edition, Beirut, 2009.
Tarihu al-Ustaz ash-Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Rashid Riza, Matbaatu al-Manar, Cairo, 1931/ 1350.
Tahriru al-Mar’ati, Qasim Amin, Muassasatu Hindawi li at-Ta’lim wa as-Saqafati, Cairo, n.d.
Tafsiru al-Manar, Muhammad Rashid Riza, Daru al-Manar, Fourth Edition, Cairo, 1373.
Dalilu al-Muslimi al-Hazin ila Muqtada as-Suluq fi al-Qarni al-‘Ishrin, Husein Ahmad Amin, Daru al-Ayni li an-Nashr, Eleventh edition, Cairo, 2007.
Ruhu al-Jihad wa Haqiqatuhu fi al-Islam, Muhammad Fathallah Gulan, Trans. Ikhsan Qasim as-Salihi, Daru an-Nil, Fifth edition, Cairo, 1428/ 2008.
al-Jihad fi al-Islam Qayfa Nafhamuhu wa Qayfa Numarisuhu, Muhammad Sa’id Ramazan al-Buti, Daru al-Fiqr, First edition, Damascus, 1414/ 1993.
al-Huqumatu al-Injiliziyya wa al-Jihad, Mirza Gulam Ahmad al-Qadiyani, Trans. Muhammad Ahmad Naim, ash-Shariqatu al-Islamiyyatu al-Mahdoodah, First edition, London, 1434/ 2013.
Sunanu Abi Dawud, Suleiman ibn al-Ash’as as-Sijistani, Ed. Shu’aib al-Arnawut and Muhammad Qamil Qara Balili, Daru ar-Risalati al-Alamiyya, First edition, Beirut, 1430/ 2009.
Sunanu at-Tirmidhi, Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi, Ed. Ahmad Muhammad Shaqir et al., Daru Ihyai at-Turasi al-Arabi, Beirut.
Sayqulujiyyatu al-‘Unf wa Istiratijiyyatu al-Halli as-Silmi, Dr. Halis Jalabi, Daru al-Fiqri al-Mu’asir wa Daru al-Fiqr, First edition, Beirut and Damascus, 1419/ 1998.
Sahihu al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, Ed. Dr. Mustafa Dib al-Baga, Daru Ibni Qasir wa Daru al-Yamama, Third edition, Beirut, 1417/ 1987.
Sahihu Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Qushayri an-Nisaburi, Daru al-Jil and Daru al-Afaqi al-Jadida, Beirut, n.d.
al-Fatawa al-Islamiyya min Dari al-Iftai al-Misriyya, Daru al-Iftai al-Misriyya, Cairo, 1431/ 2010.
al-Mar’atu Bayna al-Usul wa at-Taqlid, Dr. Husein Abdallah at-Turabi, Marqazu Dirasati al-Mar’a, Khartoum, 1421/ 2000.
Murajatu al-Ahqami al-Fiqkhiyyati al-Hassa bi Wad’i Ghayri al-Muslimin, Dr. Fathi Uthman, Majallatu al-Aman, Beirut, n.d.
Musnadu Ahmad, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ed. Shu’aib al-Arnawut et al., Muassasatu ar-Risala, Second edition, Beirut, 1420/ 1999.
Muwatinun La Zimmiyyun, Fahmi Huwaydi, Daru ash-Shuruq, Third edition, Cairo, 1420/ 1999.
al-Muwafaqat, Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Lahmi ash-Shatibi, Ed. Mashur ibn Hasan Al-i Salman, Daru Ibni Affan, First edition, Hubar, 1417/ 1997.
Nabighatu ash-Sharq Jamal ad-Din al-Afgani, Muhammad Abu Rayya, Daru al-Maarif, Cairo, 2006.
al-Hidaya wa al-Irfan fi Tafsiri al-Qur’ani bi al-Qur’an, Muhammad Abu Zaid ad-Damanhuri, Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, Cairo, 1349/ 1930.
Periodical Publications and Websites
el-İttihâdü’l-İmârâtiyye Dergisi, 15.09.1434/ 24.07.2013, year 44, Issue no: 13897.
er-Riyâdu’s-Suûdiyye Dergisi, 09.09.1418/ 08.01.1988, year 34, Issue no: 10790.
eş-Şarku’l-Evsat Dergisi, 22.04.1423/ 03.07.2002, Issue no: 8618.
el-Vatanu’l-Katariyye Dergisi, 16.04.2011, year 14, Issue no: 5704.
Saydu al-Fawaid website, 02.07.1437/ 10.04.2016, http://www.saaid.net/Doat/alsakran/87.pdf
Dr. Muhammed Akkam website, http://www.akkam.org/
A study by Hacettepe University, Ankara, 2011, http://serrakaracam.blogspot.com.tr/2011/06/cok-eslilik-dinler-ve-bireysel-haklar.html

Impact of Alienation in Certain Modern Fatwas

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 3, 147 - 164, 06.09.2016

İbrahim Salkini

Öz

The research discusses a number of fatwas affected by the westernization and western thought which have changed some firmly-established fiqh rules and have contradicted formative texts and classical scholars. The research presents and studies these new opinions and reviews their effects on the Islamic reality in general and the fiqh movement in particular. The research examines the following issues: permitting interests in banks, hijab as optional not compulsory, female travelling without a company, forbidding polygamy, and denying all of jizya, hudud (Islamic punishment), and jihad obligation (commandment). The research also explores their evidences but without discussing them since the discussion requires a separate study for each issue, which are out of the scope of this research about westernization. Finally, I ask Allah to save us from mistakes or misguidance as He saved His Din, and Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Westernization, Fiqh-Based Westernization, Fatwa, Fatwas, Jihad, Hijab, Interest

Kaynakça

al-I’tisam, Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Lahmi ash-Shatibi, Ed. Salim ibn ‘id al-Hilali, Daru Ibni Affan, First edition, Hubar, 1992/ 1412.
Ayna al-Hata’u, Abdallah al-Alayili, Daru al-Ilmi li al-Malayin, Beirut, 1978.
Bunyatu al-Aqli al-Arabiyyi, Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri, Marqazu Dirasati al-Wahdati al-Arabiyyati, Ninth Edition, Beirut, 2009.
Tarihu al-Ustaz ash-Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Rashid Riza, Matbaatu al-Manar, Cairo, 1931/ 1350.
Tahriru al-Mar’ati, Qasim Amin, Muassasatu Hindawi li at-Ta’lim wa as-Saqafati, Cairo, n.d.
Tafsiru al-Manar, Muhammad Rashid Riza, Daru al-Manar, Fourth Edition, Cairo, 1373.
Dalilu al-Muslimi al-Hazin ila Muqtada as-Suluq fi al-Qarni al-‘Ishrin, Husein Ahmad Amin, Daru al-Ayni li an-Nashr, Eleventh edition, Cairo, 2007.
Ruhu al-Jihad wa Haqiqatuhu fi al-Islam, Muhammad Fathallah Gulan, Trans. Ikhsan Qasim as-Salihi, Daru an-Nil, Fifth edition, Cairo, 1428/ 2008.
al-Jihad fi al-Islam Qayfa Nafhamuhu wa Qayfa Numarisuhu, Muhammad Sa’id Ramazan al-Buti, Daru al-Fiqr, First edition, Damascus, 1414/ 1993.
al-Huqumatu al-Injiliziyya wa al-Jihad, Mirza Gulam Ahmad al-Qadiyani, Trans. Muhammad Ahmad Naim, ash-Shariqatu al-Islamiyyatu al-Mahdoodah, First edition, London, 1434/ 2013.
Sunanu Abi Dawud, Suleiman ibn al-Ash’as as-Sijistani, Ed. Shu’aib al-Arnawut and Muhammad Qamil Qara Balili, Daru ar-Risalati al-Alamiyya, First edition, Beirut, 1430/ 2009.
Sunanu at-Tirmidhi, Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi, Ed. Ahmad Muhammad Shaqir et al., Daru Ihyai at-Turasi al-Arabi, Beirut.
Sayqulujiyyatu al-‘Unf wa Istiratijiyyatu al-Halli as-Silmi, Dr. Halis Jalabi, Daru al-Fiqri al-Mu’asir wa Daru al-Fiqr, First edition, Beirut and Damascus, 1419/ 1998.
Sahihu al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, Ed. Dr. Mustafa Dib al-Baga, Daru Ibni Qasir wa Daru al-Yamama, Third edition, Beirut, 1417/ 1987.
Sahihu Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Qushayri an-Nisaburi, Daru al-Jil and Daru al-Afaqi al-Jadida, Beirut, n.d.
al-Fatawa al-Islamiyya min Dari al-Iftai al-Misriyya, Daru al-Iftai al-Misriyya, Cairo, 1431/ 2010.
al-Mar’atu Bayna al-Usul wa at-Taqlid, Dr. Husein Abdallah at-Turabi, Marqazu Dirasati al-Mar’a, Khartoum, 1421/ 2000.
Murajatu al-Ahqami al-Fiqkhiyyati al-Hassa bi Wad’i Ghayri al-Muslimin, Dr. Fathi Uthman, Majallatu al-Aman, Beirut, n.d.
Musnadu Ahmad, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ed. Shu’aib al-Arnawut et al., Muassasatu ar-Risala, Second edition, Beirut, 1420/ 1999.
Muwatinun La Zimmiyyun, Fahmi Huwaydi, Daru ash-Shuruq, Third edition, Cairo, 1420/ 1999.
al-Muwafaqat, Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Lahmi ash-Shatibi, Ed. Mashur ibn Hasan Al-i Salman, Daru Ibni Affan, First edition, Hubar, 1417/ 1997.
Nabighatu ash-Sharq Jamal ad-Din al-Afgani, Muhammad Abu Rayya, Daru al-Maarif, Cairo, 2006.
al-Hidaya wa al-Irfan fi Tafsiri al-Qur’ani bi al-Qur’an, Muhammad Abu Zaid ad-Damanhuri, Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, Cairo, 1349/ 1930.
Periodical Publications and Websites
el-İttihâdü’l-İmârâtiyye Dergisi, 15.09.1434/ 24.07.2013, year 44, Issue no: 13897.
er-Riyâdu’s-Suûdiyye Dergisi, 09.09.1418/ 08.01.1988, year 34, Issue no: 10790.
eş-Şarku’l-Evsat Dergisi, 22.04.1423/ 03.07.2002, Issue no: 8618.
el-Vatanu’l-Katariyye Dergisi, 16.04.2011, year 14, Issue no: 5704.
Saydu al-Fawaid website, 02.07.1437/ 10.04.2016, http://www.saaid.net/Doat/alsakran/87.pdf
Dr. Muhammed Akkam website, http://www.akkam.org/
A study by Hacettepe University, Ankara, 2011, http://serrakaracam.blogspot.com.tr/2011/06/cok-eslilik-dinler-ve-bireysel-haklar.html